{"id":1530,"date":"2026-01-27T05:37:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T05:37:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/?page_id=1530"},"modified":"2026-03-26T13:32:20","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T13:32:20","slug":"technical-program","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/technical-program\/","title":{"rendered":"Technical Program"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"technical-program py-5\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"main-title mb-2 mt-10\">\n            Technical Program        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"container py-8\">\n\t<!-- Search and Filter Section -->\n\t<div class=\"scholarone-search-section mb-4\">\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs border\" id=\"myTab\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"nav-item flex-1\" role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"nav-link w-full border-0 mb-0 rounded-0 active\" id=\"search-tab\" data-bs-toggle=\"tab\" data-bs-target=\"#search\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"search\" aria-selected=\"true\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"nav-item flex-1\" role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"nav-link w-full border-0 mb-0 rounded-0\" id=\"filter-tab\" data-bs-toggle=\"tab\" data-bs-target=\"#filters\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"filters\" aria-selected=\"false\">Filters<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tab-content border-l border-b border-r border-gray-200 px-3 py-4\" id=\"myTabContent\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tab-pane fade show active p-0\" id=\"search\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"search-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-search-box row g-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-md-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" id=\"scholarone-search-input\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Search...\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-auto ms-auto ms-md-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" id=\"scholarone-search-button\" class=\"btn btn-sm btn-primary w-100 w-md-auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSearch\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" id=\"scholarone-clear-search\" class=\"btn btn-sm btn-secondary w-100 w-md-auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClear\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tab-pane fade\" id=\"filters\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"filter-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-filter-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong class=\"d-block mb-2\">Filter by Type:<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-filter-options d-flex flex-wrap gap-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"scholarone-filter-label rounded fs-8 py-2 px-4\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; border-top: 3px solid #667eea;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"session_type[]\" value=\"Keynote\" class=\"form-check-input me-1\" checked>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKeynote\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"scholarone-filter-label rounded fs-8 py-2 px-4\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; border-top: 3px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"session_type[]\" value=\"Oral\" class=\"form-check-input me-1\" checked>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOral\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"scholarone-filter-label rounded fs-8 py-2 px-4\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; border-top: 3px solid #4facfe;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"session_type[]\" value=\"Panel\" class=\"form-check-input me-1\" checked>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPanel\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"scholarone-filter-label rounded fs-8 py-2 px-4\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; border-top: 3px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"session_type[]\" value=\"Poster\" class=\"form-check-input me-1\" checked>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPoster\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<!-- Tabs for Days (Desktop) -->\n\t<ul class=\"scholarone-tabs scholarone-tabs-desktop nav nav-tabs d-none d-md-flex\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"nav-item\" role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-tab nav-link active\" data-tab=\"day-0\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMonday, 30 March\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"nav-item\" role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-tab nav-link\" data-tab=\"day-1\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTuesday, 31 March\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"nav-item\" role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-tab nav-link\" data-tab=\"day-2\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWednesday, 1 April\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\n\t<!-- Dropdown for Days (Mobile) -->\n\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-tabs-mobile d-md-none mb-3\">\n\t\t<select class=\"form-select scholarone-day-selector\" aria-label=\"Select day\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"day-0\"  selected='selected'>\n\t\t\t\t\tMonday, 30 March\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"day-1\" >\n\t\t\t\t\tTuesday, 31 March\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"day-2\" >\n\t\t\t\t\tWednesday, 1 April\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<!-- Tab Content -->\n\t<div class=\"scholarone-tab-content-container p-3 border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-tab-content active\" id=\"day-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Keynote\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #667eea;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Welcome Remarks and Keynote Session<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM &#8211; 9:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Keynote\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Welcome Remarks<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Riestenberg*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International, Inc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Keynote\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Keynote: Climate Relevant CO2 Storage: Now and into the Future<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Krevor*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Department of Earth Science &amp; Engineering, Imperial College London)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 1 Posters: CO\u2082 Capture<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Design and Performance of MOF-Based Hydrophobic Structured Sorbents for Direct Air Capture of CO2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. Rim*, G. S. Day, Z. Liu and J. Yang\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Aramco Americas)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: In 2021, Saudi Aramco expanded its climate goals, announcing an ambition to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Direct air capture (DAC) is especially valuable for offsetting emissions from the oil industry, given its scalability potential. Among DAC approaches, solid adsorbent-based systems utilizing physisorbents such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted research attention due to their milder regeneration conditions making them technically and economically viable for future CCUS deployment. However, MOFs face challenges related to moisture competition and poor steam stability under industrial operation conditions. To enable large-scale DAC applications, innovative designs for structured sorbent contactors are essential. This study investigates the formulation of MOF sorbents with hydrophobic polymers and their shaping into structured contactors, such as beads and fibers, to support scalable and cost-effective DAC technologies.Methods, Procedures, Process: MOF adsorbents in powder form were incorporated into a hydrophobic polymer binder using a solvent exchange technique, resulting in the formation of millimeter-scale porous beads and fibers. The DAC performance of these structured sorbents was systematically evaluated through measurements of equilibrium CO2 capture capacity, adsorption kinetics, and competitive adsorption between CO2 and moisture. Long-term steam stability was assessed through repeated cycles of CO2 adsorption and steam regeneration.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The formulated sorbents showed CO2 uptake comparable to the powder adsorbents, as well as improved CO2 capture kinetics and slightly enhanced selectivity for CO2 over water vapor. Additionally, the structured sorbents have shown enhanced steam stability over multiple temperature swing cycles due to hydrophobicity of the polymer binder.Significance\/Novelty: This study demonstrates a significant advancement in the design of structured sorbent contactors for direct air capture of CO2 by integrating MOF adsorbents with hydrophobic polymer binders. The novel approach not only preserves the high CO2 uptake of MOF powders but also improves adsorption kinetics, moisture rejection, and steam stability under realistic operating conditions, highlighting the protective effect of the hydrophobic polymer. These innovations address key challenges in DAC (moisture competition and long-term stability) making the technology more economically viable and scalable for future CCUS applications.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 3 Posters: Commercial and Regulatory Considerations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">The Regulation Ready Map Tool: How Ready Is Your State for Geologic Carbon Sequestration?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. M. Kingham*<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Gallin<sup>2<\/sup>, C. Niamike<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Bhattacharya<sup>1<\/sup>, N. Goodkind<sup>1<\/sup> and T. McGuire<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. GSI Environmental Inc.; 2. Washington Geological Survey)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) regulations in the US vary widely from state to state. To improve the understanding of carbon management policymakers and the public, we compile each state\u2019s GCS regulations for 14 factors: (1) Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class I state primacy, (2) UIC Class II state primacy, (3) UIC Class VI state primacy, (4) pore space ownership, (5) pore space unitization, (6) state lands availability, (7) carbon dioxide ownership, (8) liability, (9) subsurface encroachment, (10) reporting agency, (11) pipeline safety agency, (12) pipeline eminent domain, (13) environmental justice, and (14) UIC Class VI permit applications.Methods, Procedures, Process: We gather regulation data from legislation and court precedents and assign values to each state per regulatory factor. We then assign weights for each factor across all states and take the weighted average to determine each state\u2019s readiness to support GCS. The data are presented in an interactive map via a free web-based app that allows users to compare states according to the weighted average of all regulatory factors or compare states according to isolated regulatory factors. The RegReady map tool allows users to change regulatory factor values and weights to build their own map and read or download a table of all the regulations.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The states most ready to regulate GCS are Louisiana, West Virginia, Wyoming, North Dakota, and Alabama. Texas is approaching these top performers while California trails farther behind. States indicating the lowest RegReady values are found in the northeast, southeast, central Midwest, and Pacific Northwest. Oil and gas producing states generally lead in regulatory readiness; however, RegReady values are not proportional to fossil fuel production. While UIC Class VI injection well primacy and pore space ownership are important factors in state regulatory readiness, other factors have effects on states\u2019 overall readiness, such as statutes on pore space unitization, long-term liability, subsurface encroachment, and pipeline eminent domain.Significance\/Novelty: The RegReady map tool allows users to easily access and compare regulatory data between different states. This is useful to investors interested in regulatory risk, policymakers interested in changing legislation, project planners interested in anticipating barriers, and residents interested in their state\u2019s laws. Furthermore, users can change the value and weight system to build their own maps based on their own project perspectives.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">The Impact of Government Regulation on Provincial Carbon Emission Patterns and CCUS Deployment Potential in China<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tH. CI, C. Li*, Z. Lv, Y. Liang, C. Guo and Q. He\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Against the backdrop of global climate change mitigation, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology is emerging as a critical pathway for achieving deep emission reductions. Its large-scale deployment urgently requires scientific planning and precise policy guidance. However, existing research has insufficiently systematically examined, at the provincial level, the driving mechanisms of government regulatory indicators on carbon emission patterns and the subsequent implications for CCUS deployment potential.Methods, Procedures, Process: Focusing on 30 Chinese provinces, this research constructs a comprehensive analytical framework integrating government regulatory indicators. Firstly, a STIRPAT model is established to quantify the contribution of six driving factors including economic development level and energy intensity in carbon emissions. Secondly, the projected development targets for these driving factors, as stipulated in the &quot;14th Five-Year Plan&quot; and medium- to long-term development strategies, are introduced as proxies for governmental regulatory intent to simulate future spatial patterns of carbon emissions. Finally, an evaluation matrix for CCUS deployment potential is constructed by integrating provincial carbon emission intensity and preliminary geological storage potential data, identifying key regions for CCUS development.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in both provincial carbon emissions and the influence coefficients of driving factors in China. Scenario projections indicate that under the development pathways set by current local development strategies, high-emission provinces like Hebei and Shanxi face considerable pressure in achieving the carbon peaking target. The comprehensive assessment identifies several provinces with both high emission loads and favourable storage conditions as priorities for CCUS deployment.Significance\/Novelty: This research is the first to incorporate &quot;government regulatory indicator levels&quot; as core predictive variables into carbon emission scenario modeling, enhancing the scientific rigor and policy relevance of emission spatial pattern projections. The findings offer direct and specific decision support for central and local governments in areas such as CCUS project siting and the optimization of medium- and long-term development strategies, facilitating China&#039;s cost-effective achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Automating Compliance of Class VI Permits Using Neuro-Symbolic AI<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Shvilpe*, E. Redmond, H. Eggert, R. Ignazio and C. Stumpf\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Permeta)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon capture and storage projects face substantial permitting delays, with Class VI well applications averaging 3-4 years for approval. This presentation introduces an automated compliance verification system that accelerates permit development while improving accuracy and completeness. The objective is to demonstrate how neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence transforms permitting by automatically extracting requirements from state and federal regulations, mapping them to project data, and identifying compliance gaps before submission. This addresses a critical CCS deployment bottleneck by reducing application preparation time by 20-25%.Methods, Procedures, Process: The system combines neural networks for understanding natural language with symbolic reasoning to verify compliance. The process ingests regulatory text from EPA Class VI requirements, state primacy regulations, and applicable statutes to build a structured hierarchy of requirements. Project data from site characterization, environmental assessments, geomechanical analyses, and monitoring plans are extracted and classified by confidence level. A retrieval-augmented generation architecture populates permit templates while the symbolic layer validates each requirement. Every determination links to source citations, creating an auditable evidence chain.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initial deployment on major energy infrastructure demonstrated 20-25% efficiency gains in application preparation. The system identified missing information and inconsistencies before submission, reducing review cycles. Analysis of 232 pending Class VI applications revealed common compliance patterns and gaps the system addresses. The zero-trust architecture ensures experts maintain final authority. Teams report more time on technical analysis and less on formatting. The approach proves valuable for coordinating cross-functional teams on 500+ page applications.Significance\/Novelty: This represents the first application of neuro-symbolic AI to energy permitting, addressing a significant CCS deployment barrier. Unlike generic language models that may hallucinate requirements, this system provides explicit regulatory citations enabling technical review and regulatory confidence. The approach combines pattern recognition from previously approved permits with logical verification against current regulations. With billions in CCS projects bottlenecked by permitting delays, reducing preparation time by 20-25% accelerates deployment at scale while improving permit quality and regulatory efficiency.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">How Do We Initiate CCUS Dialogue With Stakeholders? Navigating Communication in a Complex Sociopolitical Landscape<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. E. Lim*, R. Avance, A. Peprah and M. Mascari\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Oklahoma State University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is increasingly recognized as a critical pathway for reducing carbon emissions and advancing a sustainable energy transition. Yet, beyond technological advances and regulatory readiness, the success of CCUS projects depends on how effectively stakeholders are engaged (Nielson 2022; see also Mulyasari 2021). Decisions about energy innovation unfold in complex sociopolitical landscapes where policy priorities, community perceptions, and public trust are shaped not only by diverse values and competing interests but also by audience-level factors such as political orientation and proximity to potential CCUS sites, as well as communication-level factors such as how messages are framed and perceptions of source credibility among the audience. These conditions underscore the importance of communication strategies that align with stakeholder perspectives and are responsive to the broader context in which CCUS operates. The objective of this research is to examine how sociopolitical factors shape the reception of CCUS messages and to identify best practices for initiating and sustaining stakeholder engagement. Specifically, the study aims to: (1) assess the influence of political affiliation and ideology on audiences\u2019 interpretations and evaluations of CCUS messages; 2) examine source effects on CCUS message receptivity; and 3) test whether CCUS message effectiveness varies by proximity to CCUS sites.Methods, Procedures, Process: To address these aims, we will conduct a survey with an experimental design, reaching approximately 800 U.S. adults, as a part of a broader U.S. Department of Energy-funded feasibility study. This study will test CCUS messages communicated by different sources (e.g., government, industry, academic) among people who vary in their psychological proximity to CCUS sites (i.e., those who feel closer to versus farther from potential project sites).Results, Observations, Conclusions: Our data collection is currently underway, and we will share findings in this presentation.Significance\/Novelty: Findings will inform a practical framework for CCUS message design and stakeholder dialogue that balances scientific accuracy with community relevance while addressing biases through strategic messaging. By accounting for political orientation, source credibility, and perceived proximity, the framework will provide actionable guidance for outreach and engagement that builds trust, reduces misunderstanding, and supports informed decision-making.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 2 Posters: CO\u2082 Transportation<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cabi\u00fanas-S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 CCS Pilot Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Falc\u00e3o<sup>1<\/sup>, A. de Souza<sup>2<\/sup>, A. K. da Silva<sup>1<\/sup> and J. R. Barbosa*<sup>3<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Federal University of Santa Catarina; 2. Petrobras; 3. LSU)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents a thermodynamic assessment of the Cabi\u00fanas-S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 CO2 capture and storage (CCS) pilot project, the first fully integrated CCS initiative in Brazil. The analysis aims to identify optimal operating and design conditions that minimize the levelized cost of CO2 avoided while improving the overall energy and exergy efficiency of the capture-to-storage chain. The work introduces a detailed calculation framework to (i) model heat exchangers, (ii) assess multicomponent behavior of CO2 streams, and (iii) refine exergoeconomic methods to reveal the contribution of individual inefficiencies to the total system expenditure.Methods, Procedures, Process: The integrated CCS system includes CO2 capture at the Cabi\u00fanas Natural Gas Treatment Unit (UTGCAB), hypothetical scenarios involving multistage compression with intercooling, pipeline transport, final compression and liquefaction at the Barra do Furado Facility, and injection into the S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 saline aquifer. The thermo-hydraulic model solves steady-state balances along the entire chain, using updated correlations for convective heat transfer and frictional losses in pipelines and components. An exergy-based method is applied to each process element to quantify the levelized impact of irreversibilities. Real-gas mixture properties, including the effects of contaminants, are determined using an advanced EoS framework. Predictions are compared with pilot-scale operating data, allowing for validation of assumptions under realistic conditions.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Preliminary results show that compressor staging and intercooling design strongly affect both exergy destruction and specific compression costs. Accounting for contaminants leads to measurable deviations in fluid properties, influencing hydraulics and heat losses. The exergoeconomic analysis identifies compression and liquefaction as dominant sources. Integration of these findings across the full process chain yields improved levelized estimates and provides insight into the trade-offs between efficiency and expenditure.Significance\/Novelty: The study advances CCS system modeling by coupling thermohydraulic and exergoeconomic analyses with real pilot-scale validation. The resulting framework enhances predictive accuracy for CCS techno-economics and offers a transferable methodology for optimizing future integrated CO2 capture, transport, and storage projects. The estimates presented are based on publicly available data and methods and are not associated with, nor do they reflect, Petrobras\u2019s internal calculations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">SimCCSoffshore: An Enhanced CO2 Transport Network Model for Integrating Offshore Storage with Onshore Emission Sources<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. Ahmmed*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Los Alamos National Laboratory)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Offshore subsurface formations have a vast potential to store and sequester anthropogenic CO2. Sequestration of gigatons of CO2 in the offshore formations will expedite a net-zero economy by 2050. To make it a reality, we need transport options, either pipeline networks or ships, to connect onshore sources with offshore storage sites. Designing pipeline networks with minimal cost is a complex optimization problem. SimCCS3.0, developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory, can model pipeline networks with minimum construction and transport costs from CO2 sources to sinks (storage sites). To simulate pipeline networks from onshore to offshore, we extended SimCCS3.0 to simulate offshore transport network modeling. This framework can model the development of CO2 transport networks to connect offshore storage sites with onshore CO2 sources. Also, it includes the development of offshore pipeline networks and the transport to onshore hubs coupled with ship transport.Methods, Procedures, Process: We use four foundational modules of the SimCCS optimization platform called NICO2LE, SCO2T, CostMAP, and SimCCS. NICO2LE provides locations and associated capture costs for CO2 point sources in the U.S. SCO2T estimates storage resources and cost with provided storage reservoir characteristics. CostMAP generates a cost surface utilizing specified spatial information. Next, NICO2LE, SCO2T, and CostMAP outputs are fed into SimCCS to estimate optimal CCS infrastructure. Finally, SimCCSoffshore generates candidate transportation routes and formalizes an optimization problem, determining the most cost-effective CCS transport system design. SimCCSoffshore includes pipeline and shipping modules. The pipeline module connects onshore sources to offshore storage sites. The shipping module links port hubs to offshore storage sites.Results, Observations, Conclusions: SimCCSoffshore has two modules: Pipeline and Shipping. It connects onshore sources to offshore storage site and connects onshore sources to port and from port to offshore storage site. It provides potential pipeline length and network, storage, capex, O&amp;M, and total costs.Significance\/Novelty: To the authors&#039; best knowledge, no open-source simulator can simulate CCS infrastructure design for offshore settings, combining pipeline and shipping routes. SimCCSoffshore is the only software platform that designs such infrastructure and provides costs with current economic scenarios.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 6 Posters: Site-focused Characterization<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Employing NMR to Quantify Porosity Changes and Surface Relaxivity for CCUS Carbon Mineralization Applications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. J. Dick<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Veselinovic<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Kelly<sup>2<\/sup>, O. Terry*<sup>2<\/sup>, Z. Kou<sup>2<\/sup>, T. Shen<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Howard<sup>3<\/sup> and J. Tielke<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Green Imaging; 2. Columbia University; 3. DigiM Solution LLC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon mineralization is considered the most stable method for long-term carbon storage. Carbon mineralization is favored in mafic\/ultramafic rocks due to their high content of reactive minerals which efficiently react with CO2 to form solid carbonates. We have spent the past few years exploring how NMR can be used to quantify changes in pore size distributions and pore surface relaxivity as a function of alteration, particularly carbon mineralization, in these rocks.Methods, Procedures, Process: We have pursued experiments along two fronts. Firstly, NMR measurements on pre- and post-reacted samples are utilized to observe changes in T2-derived pore size distribution within plugs subjected to thermal fracturing and reactive CO2 transport core flood experiments. Secondly, the T2 distributions of a large suite of Newberry Volcano basalt samples from various depths have been recorded and integrated with other petrophysical data. In addition to the T2 data, SEM- and BET-based partial pore size distributions were also recorded on these samples. This data allowed the T2 relaxation time to be calibrated to pore size and the surface relaxivity of each sample derived. Correlating this surface relaxivity to alteration of the pores has given important insight into how carbon mineralization can effect pore surface chemistry.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In the first series of experiments, a highly reactive ultramafic dunite sample was exposed to CO2-laden brine. The sample was then saturated with inert fluid and the resulting T2 distribution was recorded. This distribution was then compared with that of a twin sample that had not undergone exposure to CO2. The pore volume of the sample which had undergone CO2 brine flow was reduced by nearly twenty percent as compared to its twin. This reduction in pore volume can be attributed to carbon mineralization. In the second set of experiments, the T2 distribution of two different basalt core samples, one fresh sample and one altered by exposure to gases and in situ water were measured. In addition to the T2 distributions, partial SEM pore size distributions were also recorded. These distributions were employed to calibrate the T2 relaxation time with pore radius and derive a surface relaxivity constant for each basalt sample. The results showed that there is clearly a correlation between surface relaxivity with fresh vs altered samples.Significance\/Novelty: The results display that NMR core analysis can be a valuable tool in assessing the feasibility of wells for carbon sequestration and storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Quantification of Pressure-Dependent Fluid Invasion in Complex Mafic Microstructures for Carbon Mineralization and In Situ Metals Recovery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tO. Terry*<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Shen<sup>1<\/sup>, M. J. Dick<sup>2<\/sup>, D. Veselinovic<sup>2<\/sup>, Q. R. Miller<sup>3<\/sup>, T. Schaef<sup>3<\/sup> and S. Kelly<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Columbia University; 2. Green Imaging; 3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Characterization of subsurface basaltic formations is necessary for carbon sequestration and mineralization, and exploration of critical metals. This study aims to determine the accessibility of dual-porosity basalt pore systems as a function of saturation pressure for basalts of varied alteration states. The findings will inform unconventional core analysis methods and yield enhanced understanding of the interplay between accessible pore space and metal ion mobilization for CO2 mineralization and other subsurface applications.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study integrates nuclear magneetic resonance (NMR)- and mass-determined fluid uptake measurements on Columbia River Basalt Group sidewall cores with traditional mineralogical characterization to determine pressure-dependent fluid invasion as a function of pore type. Sidewall cores are from the Wallula Pilot Project borehole, which yielded anthropogenic carbonate nodules in basalt vesicles surrounded by a low-connectivity matrix ~2 years post-scCO2 injection. Clay volume (Vclay), a proxy for the degree of basalt alteration, and pore size distribution were quantified using multimodal image analysis and NMR. Pre-injection sidewall cores were subjected to varied fluid-invasion regimes, ranging between spontaneous imbibition and up to 8,500 PSI forced imbibition (or drainage) for water-air and D2O-decane fluid combinations.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In this study, Vclay is segmented from primary mineral components in the basalt matrix. Additionally, porosity contributions can be isolated by mineral type using NMR workflows. Vclay ranges between &lt;5% and 30%, with clay porosity contributing up to 60% towards total porosity in altered samples. Pressure-dependent fluid invasion times and changes in NMR-derived wetted pore size distributions are observed as a function of pore type and sample alteration for both spontaneous imbibition and forced imbibition\/drainage experiments.Significance\/Novelty: This study reveals that basalt clay minerals are fluid-accessible pores in matrices with low connectivity, which can be isolated from primary minerals and secondary minerals. Additionally, saturation breakthroughs can be attributed to different pore type, and therefore mineralogy, using NMR-derived pressure sensitivity analysis. These findings will inform exploration, SCAL characterization, and injection decisions for multiple applications involving mafic\/ultramafic rocks, particularly carbon mineralization and critical minerals recovery.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Geomechanical Alterations of Reservoir and Crystalline Rocks under Supercritical CO2 Injection : Experimental Insights for Reservoir Management and Energy Generation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. Noija*, A. Shabdirova and R. Okoroafor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study investigates the geomechanical and mineralogical alterations that occur in representative reservoir and crystalline rocks during interaction with sCO2\u2013brine. The study aims to establish a comparative framework that links rock type and mineral reactivity to deformation behavior and storage performance under CO2 injection conditions by integrating mechanical, structural, and compositional characterization.Methods, Procedures, Process: Six lithologies, Limestone, Sandstone, Dolomite, Shale, Dunite, and Granite, were subjected to controlled laboratory experiments simulating reservoir conditions (80 \u00b0C and 1100 psi) for 7 days. The reservoir rocks underwent flooding while the igneous rocks were placed in an autoclave batch reactor. Core samples were analyzed before and after exposure using a combination of CT\/micro-CT imaging, UCS, XRD, and porosity\u2013permeability measurements. The experimental workflow enabled direct correlation between mineralogical transformations and mechanical property changes, revealing the coupled chemical-mechanical effects of CO2 injection on rock properties.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The results demonstrate that geomechanical weakening and microstructural reorganization are strongly lithology-dependent. Carbonate rocks exhibited dissolution-dominated reactions, leading to increased porosity and permeability, accompanied by a reduction of up to 40% in UCS. Clastic rocks exhibited moderate strength loss (10\u201320%) due to fines migration and clay swelling, with a corresponding reduction in permeability of up to 50%. Crystalline rocks (granite and ultramafic) retained most of their strength but developed localized microcracks and mineral- boundary carbonation zones. Ultramafic samples exhibited early signs of serpentinization\u2013carbonation and significant reduction in rock strength. These findings emphasize the importance of systematic lithology-based characterization to predict mechanical properties and reactive evolution during CO2 storage.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides a comparative evaluation of geomechanical and mineralogical responses across multiple rock types exposed to similar supercritical CO2\u2013brine conditions. The findings deliver a mechanistic understanding of how rock composition controls storage integrity and reactivity, which is relevant for CO2 reservoir management and risk assessment. Beyond carbon storage, the results have broader implications for CO2-assisted geothermal recovery and in-situ hydrogen generation, demonstrating the potential for multi-purpose subsurface use.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4432610.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Study on the Competitive Sorption Behavior of Aqueous Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Coal in Subsaturated Conditions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT. Brown*<sup>1<\/sup>, G. A. Myers<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Pope<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Flynn<sup>1<\/sup>, C. Morgan<sup>1<\/sup> and T. Herrera<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Gas Sensing Technology Corporation dba WellDog; 2. Carbon GeoCapture)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Coal has tremendous potential for sorbing gas due to its foamlike nanoporous structure. The primary mechanism for gas storage in coal is \u2018Sorption trapping\u2019, which includes both adsorption to the vast surface area of the coal, as well as absorption into the bulk coal matrix. Both processes augment the conventional storage capacity of the void space, and at low pressure the former can surpass the volumetric storage capacity. Coalbeds naturally generate and sorb methane, creating a valuable energy resource (Coalbed Methane, CBM). Carbon dioxide (CO2) competes with methane (CH4) for adsorption sites and will displace methane from coal. This study will measure the competitive sorption behavior of carbon dioxide and methane in a simulated subsurface environment.Methods, Procedures, Process: Raman spectroscopy was used to measure changes in the concentration of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide in a simulated coalbed environment. The experiment had three stages. In the first, a solution of dissolved methane in water was circulated through a sample of subbituminous coal from Wyoming&#039;s Powder River Basin. Methane concentration was kept below saturation and at pressures simulating a typical CBM well. Aqueous Raman measurements directly into the high-pressure system were used to quantify how much methane was sorbed at a given dissolved concentration. Pure water free of dissolved gas was then passed through the sample to remove the methane solution and diffusion of sorbed methane into the clean water was quantified using Raman spectroscopy. Finally, dissolved carbon dioxide was introduced to the system to measure the competitive sorptive behavior of carbon dioxide and methane. The concentrations of CO2 and CH4 were measured over time until they reached an equilibrium state.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In the first stage of the experiment, methane sorbed to the coal, though it did not reach predicted levels of sorption. No increase in dissolved methane concentration was detectable when clean water with no dissolved methane flowed through the coal sample containing sorbed methane. When dissolved carbon dioxide was introduced to the system, methane was rapidly displaced from the coal sample and the dissolved methane concentration rose dramatically, while the concentration of carbon dioxide fell as it sorbed to the coal.Significance\/Novelty: The competitive adsorption behavior of carbon dioxide with methane offers some intriguing possibilities for enhanced CBM recovery as well as sequestering carbon dioxide in coal.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4435473.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Temperature and Flow-Rate Controls on CO2-Induced Porosity and Permeability Alterations in Carbonates: Insights for CO2 Storage and Enhanced Recovery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Shabdirova, M. Abdalla and R. Okoroafor*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Understanding how temperature and injection rate influence rock\u2013fluid interactions is crucial for predicting CO2 injectivity and long-term storage in carbonate formations. This study examines the coupled thermal and hydraulic effects on porosity\u2013permeability evolution in dolomite and limestone during aqueous CO2 injection, providing experimental constraints for reservoir characterization and reactive-transport modeling.Methods, Procedures, Process: Coreflood experiments were conducted on cylindrical dolomite and limestone cores at reservoir conditions. Aqueous CO2 was injected at temperatures of 40-120 \u00b0C and flow rates of 0.5-5 ml\/min. Differential pressure data were used to calculate permeability, while porosity changes were obtained from mass balance and micro-CT imaging. X-ray diffraction identified mineralogical changes and secondary phases, and effluent chemistry quantified dissolution intensity and reaction pathways.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Increasing temperature accelerated dissolution and produced uniform pore enlargement, enhancing both porosity and permeability. At low flow rates, dolomite showed localized vug formation and pore clustering, implying that surface modification or microfracturing also contributed to porosity growth. Permeability changes exhibited a nonlinear dependence on temperature\u2013flow coupling, with thresholds marking a transition from surface-limited to transport-limited dissolution. Higher flow rates shortened residence time, reduced reaction extent, and promoted channelized flow.Significance\/Novelty: The results establish a systematic experimental basis for understanding how coupled thermal and hydraulic factors govern CO2-induced alteration of carbonate reservoirs. The findings provide practical guidance for optimizing CO2 injection by identifying conditions that favor controlled vug development and improved injectivity without compromising rock integrity. Recognizing the contrasting responses of dolomite and limestone aids in reservoir selection, stimulation planning, and monitoring of near-wellbore evolution.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Impact of Subsurface Setting on CO2 Storage Leakage Risk: Implications for Financial Responsibility and the Insurance Industry<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Pelayo*<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Hovorka<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Bakhshian<sup>2<\/sup> and S. A. Hosseini<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. The University of Texas at Austin; 2. Rice University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study quantified an upper-bound environmental and financial risk for geologic carbon storage (GCS) to support EPA Class VI financial-responsibility demonstrations and insurance pricing. It evaluated how subsurface properties and reservoir geometries (flat, dipping, anticline) control CO2 and brine leakage and translated leakage behavior into economic terms under a conservative, worst-case open-wellbore scenario.Methods, Procedures, Process: Geologic inputs were derived from Texas Gulf Coast datasets (depth, thickness, porosity, permeability, salinity), then used to build static models and dynamic multiphase-flow simulations. Because P&amp;A well records are generally incomplete, legacy wells were modeled as open conduits connecting the reservoir to the surface. Cases varied petrophysical parameters, well densities, and spatial layouts. Financial impacts were computed using a simplified financial framework with Monte Carlo sampling of detection thresholds, repair times, remediation costs, and contractual penalties. Probabilistic well-failure rates and Bayesian updating captured time-evolving risk.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Pressure propagation, rather than CO2 plume arrival, initiated early brine leakage; consequently, most costs were concentrated in the first years of injection. Without mitigation, cumulative leakage could be material; with detection and repair, CO2 leakage persisted well below 1% of injected mass across conservative scenarios, and typical costs were modest (\u2248&lt;$1.5\/t), dominated by injection penalties, with environmental\/well-repair costs secondary. Well density and failure probability were the principal drivers of financial outcomes; subsurface property variations and geometry produced small residual differences once mitigation operated. Bayesian updating showed declining marginal risk and cost over time as non-leak observations accumulated, consistent with pressure dissipation and reduced driving forces post-injection.Significance\/Novelty: The work delivers a unified physical\u2013financial risk framework that reduces uncertainty by explicitly quantifying a conservative upper bound on environmental and financial impacts. It integrates probability-risk assessment, ranges of plausible outcomes, and Bayesian learning to produce decision-ready metrics for insurers, regulators, and developers, directly informing Class VI financial-responsibility sizing, insurance pricing, monitoring design, and site selection in Gulf Coast\u2013style settings and analogs.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">From Subsurface to System: Offshore CCS Development for the Northeastern U.S. Atlantic Shelf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tN. Gupta*<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Sminchak<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Skopec<sup>1<\/sup>, B. Petras<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Albert<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Schmelz<sup>3<\/sup> and D. Brinley<sup>4<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Battelle; 2. Entr, part of Aker Solutions; 3. Rutgers; 4. TRC Companies)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study evaluates offshore carbon sequestration potential and infrastructure design along the mid-north Atlantic outer continental shelf, addressing the limited onshore storage options in the northeastern U.S. The objective is to define viable CCS pathways by integrating geological characterization, reservoir modeling, and system-level engineering for decarbonizing regional industrial sources. The work was conducted under US DOE grant FE0032407 for the Regional Initiatives and significantly advances a previous prospective resources assessment project by Battelle.Methods, Procedures, Process: Common risk segment mapping was used to identify favorable offshore zones based on geological, environmental, and operational criteria. Two sites were selected for detailed analysis. Site-specific geological models were developed using well logs, seismic data, and stratigraphic interpretations. Reservoir simulations were conducted for two scenarios\u2014Indian River Shallow and Great Stone Dome\u2014using these models. Infrastructure designs included pipeline routing, wellhead systems, and monitoring technologies. The CO2 sources from Appalachian Basin though mid-Atlantic coastal states were connected to offtake points via regional pipeline networks.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Geological analysis identified Cretaceous-age fluvial and deltaic sandstones at depths of 1700\u20132500 meters suitable for CO2 injection. The Indian River Shallow scenario supported 2.5 MMT\/year injection for 30 years via a single onshore-to-offshore well. The Great Stone Dome scenario enabled 500 MMT injection over 30 years using eight offshore wells. Pipeline designs ranged from 15 to 80 km, with diameters of 22\u201340 cm. These results demonstrate the feasibility of both near-term and large-scale CCS deployment in the region, connected to sources via pipeline networks and offshore systems, designed for minimum visible infrastructure, and using advanced multi-lateral well designs.Significance\/Novelty: This is the first integrated offshore CCS infrastructure assessment for the mid-north Atlantic shelf, combining subsurface geology with engineered system design. It provides actionable insights for phased CCS development in the eastern U.S., highlighting technologies that reduce environmental and community impacts\u2014such as horizontal drilling under barrier islands and clustered subsea wellheads. The study supports strategic planning for regional decarbonization.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 5 Posters: Regional Characterization<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Techno-Economic Assessment of CO2 Storage in Basalt<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. Brunsvik*<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Velasco Lozano<sup>1<\/sup>, A. P. Indro<sup>2<\/sup>, M. Mehana<sup>1<\/sup>, R. Pawar<sup>1<\/sup> and B. Chen<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Los Alamos National Lab; 2. Heriot-Watt University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Basalt storage reservoirs are a promising carbon sequestration frontier due to their long-term conversion of CO2 into minerals and their widespread geographic availability. However, achieving widespread commercial utilization of basalt reservoirs requires a comprehensive analysis of their cost and performance compared to traditional reservoirs such as saline aquifers. We expanded the Sequestration of CO2 Tool (SCO2T) to evaluate storage capabilities and injection costs across both basalt and traditional reservoirs through a graphical interface designed to be accessible for stakeholders. We then analyzed injection cost and performance for a range of basalt and traditional reservoirs.Methods, Procedures, Process: SCO2T utilizes machine learning, trained on numerical simulations of basalt reservoirs, to calculate plume size and injection rate. Then, we calculated storage costs by accounting for all cost items such as site screening and characterization costs, well drilling costs, and seismic survey related costs. We included a detailed parameter sensitivity analysis, showing how variations of permeability, porosity, and other reservoir parameters influence the resulting reservoir performance and cost.Results, Observations, Conclusions: We conducted an analysis over a uniform distribution of permeability, porosity, thickness, and other parameters. Preliminary results show an average cost of $6.58\/t CO2 for traditional reservoirs, and $5.24\/t CO2 for basalt reservoirs. The lower basalt reservoir cost is partly owed to having roughly half the plume size as traditional reservoirs, reducing monitoring and surveying costs. Our analysis indicates that strategically selected basalt reservoirs can be highly competitive with traditional reservoirs.Significance\/Novelty: This is the first analysis to systematically evaluate the sensitivity of basalt reservoir injection cost and performance to a wide range of input parameters, and to compare these basalt reservoir costs to their traditional reservoir counterparts. Additionally, the forthcoming public release of our enhanced SCO2T tool (i.e., the storage module in the well-known SimCCS platform for carbon capture and storage infrastructure decision making) aims to provide decision-makers with robust analytical capabilities to identify optimal storage options and to maximize the potential of basalt and traditional storage formations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Assessment of CO2 Storage Potentials and Long-Term Containment Risk in the Australian Cooper Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. M. Rijiya*, N. Thomas, V. Towoju, J. Hlavac, Q. Kalu, A. Elshennawey and A. Trinh\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Cooper Basin, one of Australia\u2019s mature petroleum provinces, presents a compelling opportunity for long-term carbon capture and storage (CCS). The basin is well-suited for CCS due to its existing infrastructure, thick sedimentary successions, and well-constrained reservoir-seal framework. As part of the SEG Evolve Carbon Solutions program, we characterize the storage potential of depleted gas reservoirs and saline aquifers of two primary target storage intervals: the Toolachee Formation (Late Permian) and the Patchawarra Formation (Early Permian) and their long-term storage security, particularly the possibility of leakage through legacy wells that intersect these reservoirs.Methods, Procedures, Process: Wireline logs from 95 wells, together with a regional 3D depth-migrated seismic volume, are interpreted to develop the structural framework and subsurface characterization of the study area. This integrated analysis aims to delineate potential CO2 storage targets and assess reservoir quality. Petrophysical properties and lithologic descriptions are incorporated into a static model, which serves as the foundation for dynamic flow simulations to evaluate injectivity, predict CO2 plume migration, and assess long-term storage security.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Petrophysical evaluations demonstrate that the Toolachee and Patchawarra formations are highly heterogeneous, with interbedded sandstones, mudstones, coals, and conglomerates creating internal baffles that can inhibit CO2 plume vertical migration. This heterogeneity, combined with their thickness and distribution, makes both units strong candidates for long-term storage. Overlying these reservoirs, the Triassic mudstones and siltstones of the Nappamerri Group form a laterally extensive and reliable sealing unit.Significance\/Novelty: The study integrates geophysics, petrophysics, and dynamic modeling to advance CCS evaluations in the Cooper Basin. Beyond identifying new injection candidates, it emphasizes the importance of evaluating long-term storage security in a mature petroleum province intersected by numerous legacy wells. The outcomes will inform strategies for safe, efficient, and scalable CO2 storage in the Cooper Basin and offer transferable insights for similar mature basins globally.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Airborne Geophysics: A Powerful Tool for Regional CCUS Recognition, from Orphan Well Detection to Fractures in Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. A. Nieto*<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Griffith<sup>1<\/sup> and B. Cathey<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Xcalibur Smart Mapping; 2. Earthfield Technology)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: To demonstrate the critical role of high-resolution airborne geophysics as a cost-effective and rapid regional reconnaissance tool for CCUS success. The scope covers two distinct but equally vital challenges: (1) the early and accurate detection of orphan wells and abandoned infrastructure to mitigate potential CO2 leakage from storage reservoirs. (2) The structural and lithological characterization of low-porosity mafic and ultramafic rock formations that are targeted for in-situ carbon mineralization.Methods, Procedures, Process: The core methods utilize high-resolution Airborne Magnetic Gradiometry and Airborne Gravity Gradiometry (AGG). Orphan Well Detection A low 30 m flight altitude and narrow line spacing (e.g., 12.5 m effective sensor spacing from a system like MIDAS) maximizes sensitivity to weak magnetic anomalies. This approach enhances the detection of short or deeply buried steel casing segments 200 ft) in abandoned wells, critical for leakage mitigation. Mafic\/Ultramafic Characterization: 2D\/3D inverse modeling is used to map subtle physical property contrasts (magnetic susceptibility and density) linked to fractures and alteration. AGG data delineates linear gravity anomalies (fractures\/faults) and residual gravity lows (density reduction from alteration).Magnetic Reduction to Pole (MRP) and its Total Horizontal Derivative identify high magnetic susceptibility areas associated with serpentinization, guiding CO2 injection into secondary permeability zones.Results, Observations, Conclusions: High-resolution approach leads to two key CCUS conclusions: Leakage Mitigation: Narrow-spaced magnetic gradient surveys reliably recognize 200ft casing in abandoned wells, creating a critical baseline for leakage risk assessment. Mineralization Targeting: Combined AGG and magnetic data successfully delineate secondary permeability pathways (fractures\/faults) and areas of favorable alteration (density lows\/magnetic highs) in mafic\/ultramafic reservoirs, guiding CO2 injection strategy.Significance\/Novelty: The integrated application of high-resolution, low-altitude airborne geophysical methods to simultaneously address the two most pressing regional recognition needs for CCUS\u2014leakage pathway mitigation and geological storage characterization. The procedure rapidly acquires comprehensive, high-resolution subsurface knowledge, serving as an essential baseline to effectively focus subsequent, more resource-intensive field and drilling investigations into the most promising or high-risk regions.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 4 Posters: Enhanced Oil Recovery and Other CO\u2082 Utilization<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Techno-Economic Modeling and Comparative Assessment of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery and Chemical Utilization Pathways<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV. K. Sharma*, G. S. Bean and M. P. Harold\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Houston)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: CO2 utilization supports a circular economy and value creation across energy and chemical sectors. CO2-EOR, with high readiness, enables oil recovery and storage but depends on capture costs, 45Q credits, and oil price. Chemical routes like methanol and syngas offer potential but face scale-up challenges. In EOR operations, as CO2 demand declines, chemical utilization can buffer captured CO2 and inform CCUS investment and infrastructure decisions.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study develops a techno-economic framework for CO2-EOR, benchmarked against chemical alternatives. Gulf Coast emitters are matched with Permian Basin sinks, with pipeline transport modeled over 500 miles at 4.5 MMt\/y using a modified NETL tool. Capital and operating costs are estimated for capture, transport, and injection. Chemical pathways\u2014methanol and syngas\u2014are modeled in Aspen Plus\u00ae using RKS-BM thermodynamics and published kinetics. Cost estimation is based on equipment sizing and raw material inputs.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The levelized transport cost has been estimated at approximately $16.20\/t, with capture costs ranging from $31 to $63\/t depending on source type. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to quantify uncertainty in net present value (NPV) under scenarios with and without 45Q credits. Oil price and EOR productivity have been identified as dominant drivers, followed by capture cost and credit level, while transport and fluid lifting costs exert secondary influence. Comparative analysis indicates that CO2-EOR delivers strongly positive NPV under enhanced 45Q credits and approaches breakeven without incentives, whereas chemical utilization remains cost-intensive unless low-cost, low-carbon hydrogen and favorable credit regimes are available.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides a rigorous comparative assessment of CO2-EOR and chemical utilization pathways, offering insights into the economic and infrastructural trade-offs in CCUS deployment. While EOR demand for CO2 declines over time, scalable chemical utilization can serve as a buffer for captured CO2, enhancing system flexibility. Future work will refine uncertainty ranges, incorporate lifecycle emissions accounting, and establish decision thresholds for source-sink matching and portfolio optimization\u2014contributing to more informed CCUS investment strategies.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A New Utilization of CO2 as Cushion Gas for Synergistic Geological Sequestration in Underground Gas Storage UGS-CCS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tl. mi*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(sinopec)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The cushion gas, which provides pressure for the operation of underground gas storage (UGS) but cannot be extracted, forms long-term sunk costs. Currently, CH4 is widely used as cushion gas in global UGS operations, accounting for 50%-75% of total UGS. The high proportion of cushion gas leads to significant long-term capital immobilization, substantially increasing the overall construction and operational costs of UGS. Adopting CO2 as cushion gas for UGS can not only dramatically reduce initial investment costs for cushion gas resources but also achieve carbon emission reduction through geological sequestration.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study evaluates the feasibility of using CO2 as cushion gas in UGS through experimental and numerical simulation methods. High-temperature and high-pressure long-core CO2-CH4displacement experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of displacement rate, formation dip angle, reservoir permeability, and connate water on CO2 breakthrough time, cushion gas replacement efficiency, and geological sequestration. A compositional model was established with the constraint of CO2 content in produced gas not exceeding 2% analyzing the optimal temperature and pressure conditions for CO2 as cushion gas. The study also analyzed the production well patterns, rates, and CO2 replacement ratios at different operational stages.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The results show indicates that when the temperature exceeds 31.1\u00b0C and pressure surpasses 7.38 MPa, CO2 enters a supercritical state. Under such conditions, CO2 can replace CH4 as cushion gas in UGS while achieving CO2 geological sequestration. During the operational phase of UGS, the replacement rate of CO2 cushion gas reaches 5%. Based on China&#039;s total UGS capacity of 40 billion cubic meters, this approach could sequester 2 billion tons of CO2 and reduce CH4 losses by 2 billion cubic meters. At the abandonment stage, injecting CO2 to fully displace residual CH4 could achieve 40 billion tons of CO2 sequestration and reduce gas losses by 20 billion cubic meters. This strategy maximizes the residual value of depleted UGS facilities while advancing carbon neutrality goals.Significance\/Novelty: This technical pathway expands the CO2 sequestration capability of UGS while enhancing the resource utilization value of CO2, creating a synergistic effect that balances economic benefits and environmental protection.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4441979.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Spatio\u2013Temporal Disentanglement Framework for Knowledge Transfer Between CO2-EOR and CO2 Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Cornelio*<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Zhao<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Mao<sup>2<\/sup>, A. J. Ghahfarokhi<sup>2<\/sup> and B. Jafarpour<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Southern California; 2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents a domain-informed spatio-temporal disentanglement framework for transfer learning from CO2-EOR to CO2 storage within the same depleted reservoir. By separating spatial structures from temporal dynamics, the model transfers injection and pressure trends learned during the EOR phase\u2014where data and simulations are abundant\u2014to the storage phase. The framework leverages shared reservoir physics to ensure predictive reliability for long-term containment while enhancing interpretability by controlling the information transferred between the two operations.Methods, Procedures, Process: A Recurrent U-Net (RU-Net) is built to model the 3D spatio-temporal evolution of CO2 plume migration and pressure buildup using permeability maps as input. A convolutional autoencoder, trained on EOR data, captures shared spatial features between EOR and storage. This parameter transfer strategy isolates spatial features from temporal trends, improving confidence in transferred knowledge. The pretrained encoder\u2013decoder weights initialize the RU-Net, whose recurrent layers learn temporal dependencies from EOR data and are later fine-tuned with limited CO2 storage data to achieve efficient transfer learning.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Model performance was tested with and without transfer learning under varying CO2 storage data sizes. Results show that transfer-learning achieves higher accuracy with fewer training samples. Leveraging EOR-derived knowledge, reduces the need for new simulations and accelerates model development for storage. Shared plume and pressure trends allow convolutional layers to learn consistent spatial patterns, improving stability and interpretability. The disentangled design allows separate analysis of spatial and temporal behavior, enhancing transparency in knowledge transfer. Transfer learning enables scalable, data-efficient integration of EOR data into storage modeling, improving predictive reliability and cost-effectiveness for coupled EOR\u2013storage systems in depleted reservoirs.Significance\/Novelty: This work introduces a spatio\u2013temporal disentanglement strategy for transfer learning between CO2-EOR and CO2 storage. By reusing EOR-trained representations to initialize storage modeling, the framework enables rapid, data-efficient development while maintaining predictive reliability. The workflow offers a cost-effective approach to leverage data-rich EOR operations to enhance storage forecasting, improve interpretability, and support optimized and risk-informed CO2 storage management in depleted reservoirs.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Exploration of Carbon Storage Capacity of Wyoming Powder River Basin Coal: An Unconventional Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Lithology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC. Morgan<sup>1<\/sup>, G. A. Myers*<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Brown<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Flynn<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Herrera<sup>1<\/sup> and J. Pope<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Gas Sensing Technology Corp. dba WellDog; 2. Carbon GeoCapture)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The intent of this project is to characterize the relative storage capacity of coalbed formations (typically fluid immersed) and develop and refine a robust, streamlined test to measure uptake of gas by ex situ coal samples, thereby determining a \u2018dry\u2019 sorptive capacity. \u2018Dry\u2019 means free-gas only, without fluid immersion, and circumvents a dissolution step and hindered diffusion through water to the surfaces of the coal. \u2018Sorptive capacity\u2019 is the capacity of the coal to both adsorb surficial gas and absorb gas into the bulk matrix for gas storage. This form of sorptive capacity characterization is applicable to both conventional and unconventional Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) lithology. This study in particular focuses on sorptive capacity characterization of two separate formations of Wyoming Powder River Basin (PRB) coal, an unconventional CCUS lithology.Methods, Procedures, Process: Multi-point dry gas pycnometry was performed to measure sorbed carbon dioxide on the PRB coal in a simulated reservoir environment. Post cell and sample volume characterization via helium pycnometry, stepwise injections of carbon dioxide were performed, with cells allowed to reach equilibrium between injections. MATLAB and R programs developed in-house were then applied to experimental datasets to develop sorptive capacity estimates.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Sorptive testing has yielded promising results, with Formation 2 consistently outperforming Formation 1. With some exception, intra-formation Langmuir sorption isotherms are consistent across sorptive testing runs. Notable differences in performance between Formation 1 and Formation 2 demonstrate the importance of implementing sorptive capacity characterization on a per reservoir basis. Additional submerged sorptive testing is necessary to develop a better understanding of expected sorptive behavior in situ under expected reservoir conditions.Significance\/Novelty: Shallow, unmineable coal is viable for CCUS and may outperform traditional CCUS lithologies and reservoirs. Formation fluid is utilized for preparation of the injection, resulting in a closed loop system - an amicable approach that is suitable for remote injection sites as well as sites that may be in arid environments. Due to the method of injection and nature of coal, carbon dioxide (CO2) can be introduced into a prospective sequestration reservoir below fracture pressure and does not have to be ultra-high purity, nor supercritical CO2 to be economical.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 6: Characterization of Non-Saline Aquifers<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAriel Bennett, Heather Quevedo\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Experimental Investigation of Secondary Mineral Formation During CO2 Basalt Interaction Under Reservoir Conditions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE. A. Appiah*<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Wang<sup>2<\/sup>, E. A. Owusu<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Simmons<sup>2<\/sup>, X. Ge<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Wu<sup>2<\/sup> and X. Ma<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New mexico institute of mining and Technology; 2. Petroleum Recovery Research Center)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Basalt reservoirs are increasingly recognized as highly reactive geologic formations for permanent CO2 storage due to their ability to form stable carbonate and silicate minerals. Despite promising field and laboratory demonstrations, the specific role of secondary mineral formation in altering porosity, permeability, and injectivity requires further study. This work presents laboratory flow-through experiments designed to characterize the dissolution of primary basaltic minerals and subsequent precipitation of secondary phases through mineralization process under conditions relevant to deep subsurface storage.Methods, Procedures, Process: Core-scale basalt samples were subjected to flow-through experiments using CO2-saturated brines at controlled temperature and pressure conditions representative of subsurface reservoirs. A triaxial core holder and multiple pump system were employed to maintain confining and pore pressures. Effluent fluids were analyzed with ICP-MS\/OES to monitor elemental release, while solid-phase changes were evaluated using BET, X-Ray CT, petrography, X-ray diffraction, and electron microbe probe analysis. Pre- and post-test measurements of petrophysical properties were also performed. This combined approach allowed for a thorough understanding of the mineralogical evolution of our basalt samples.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initial findings indicate increases in the ionic concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Al3+, and Si from the rapid dissolution of labile basaltic minerals such as forsterite and anorthite. However, fluctuations in Ca2+ and decreases in Al3+in early time indicate the possibility of consumption into new secondary phases. In addition, it was found that porosity increased while permeability slightly decreased during testing. Together, our observations highlight a dual effect of basalt\u2013CO2 interactions on injectivity while also enhancing long-term storage security via mineral trapping.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides laboratory evidence for the potential of secondary mineral development during CO2\u2013basalt interactions under reservoir-relevant conditions. Unlike prior work focused primarily on carbonate formation, our results highlight that silicate secondary phases may also be significant in shaping reactive pathways. These insights enhance understanding of reservoir evolution during mineral trapping and provide critical experimental data for advancing predictive models of CO2 storage in basalt formations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4423733.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:45 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Comparative Assessment of CO2 Mineralization in Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks under Simulated Subsurface Conditions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Isah and R. Okoroafor*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Mineral carbon storage in mafic and ultramafic rocks offers a promising strategy for mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. These rocks are rich in reactive silicate minerals containing divalent cations that, when exposed to CO2-charged water, form stable carbonates such as magnesite (MgCO3), siderite (FeCO3), and calcite (CaCO3). This process permanently traps carbon in the subsurface. While mafic (basaltic) CO2 mineralization has been widely studied, the behavior of ultramafic rocks under comparable conditions remains less understood despite their higher theoretical reactivity. This study aims to critically assess and compare the mechanisms, kinetics, and efficiency of CO2 mineralization in mafic and ultramafic rocks under controlled hydrothermal conditions, emphasizing the influence of mineral composition and surface reactivity on carbonate formation.Methods, Procedures, Process: Representative mafic and ultramafic rock samples were evaluated under simulated subsurface conditions of 70\u00b0C and 1100 psi. Comprehensive characterization using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and total inorganic carbon (TIC) analysis was conducted to assess mineralogical and geochemical changes.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Both rock types contain Fe-bearing minerals, though the ultramafic samples exhibit significantly higher Mg content. Ultramafic rocks are dominated by olivine and serpentine, while mafic rocks primarily consist of plagioclase feldspar, phyllosilicate, and pyroxene. Interaction with CO2-charged water induced dissolution\u2013precipitation reactions in both samples. Both acted as CO2 sinks through mineral carbonation, but the ultramafic rocks showed greater efficiency, confirmed by the formation of MgCO3 and FeCO3 and higher TIC values. The results demonstrate how differences in mineral composition and dissolution\u2013precipitation dynamics influence both the rate and permanence of CO2 fixation.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides one of the first systematic comparisons of CO2 mineralization behavior in mafic and ultramafic rocks under identical subsurface conditions, establishing a quantitative foundation for evaluating mineral carbonation efficiency across reactive lithologies. These insights provide mechanistic parameters essential for scaling mineral trapping processes, including reaction kinetics, surface reactivity, and porosity evolution, that can be directly integrated into reactive transport models and field-scale design tools.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Quantifying Forsterite Dissolution Under Water-Saturated CO2 Flow: Implications for Engineered Carbon Mineralisation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Saleh, N. Darraj, M. Trusler and S. Krevor*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Imperial College London)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Engineered CO2 mineralisation in basaltic rocks offers a durable pathway for permanent carbon storage, with mineral dissolution as the rate-limiting step. While most studies focus on CO2-saturated aqueous systems, we examine a less explored regime: water-saturated liquid CO2, where reactions occur within thin interfacial water films on mineral surfaces. Our objective is to quantify olivine (a basaltic mineral) dissolution under contrasting fluid conditions and assess the impact of fluid phase composition on reaction kinetics.Methods, Procedures, Process: We developed a flow-through apparatus to measure steady-state dissolution rates of forsteritic olivine under three conditions: (1) CO2-saturated water, (2) water-saturated liquid CO2, and (3) two-phase flow under elevated capillary pressure. Olivine grains were packed into a flow cell, and Mg concentrations in the effluent were used to quantify dissolution. Micro-CT imaging mapped fluid distribution and fluid-mineral interfacial area, improving surface-area-normalised rate estimates.Results, Observations, Conclusions: A modest rate enhancement was observed in the multiphase injection system, where continuous water flow replenished a free-phase CO2 environment. This finding suggests interfacial effects not present in aqueous-only systems. Micro-CT imaging during two-phase flow revealed that, under elevated capillary pressure, liquid CO2 occupied ~17% of pore volume, with only ~5% of the reactive surface area in contact with CO2 during flow. This minor fraction of olivine surface area in contact with wet free-phase CO2 yielded up to a 1.6\u00d7 increase in dissolution rate compared to carbonated water flow alone. In contrast, slug flow experiments where alternating injections of liquid CO2 and carbonated water took place, resulted in significantly lower reaction rates, due to transport limitations within free-phase CO2 environments when water was not flowing. Findings underscore the critical role of fluid phase composition and interfacial water film mobility in controlling silicate dissolution kinetics.Significance\/Novelty: This study presents the first quantitative comparison of olivine dissolution in CO2-saturated water and water-saturated CO2. Using flow-through experiments and high-resolution imaging, we establish a framework for studying dissolution kinetics under multiphase conditions. The results deepen understanding of the rate-limiting dissolution step in carbon mineralisation and support the design of more efficient CO2 sequestration strategies.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 4: Novel Ideas Related to CO\u2082 EOR and Storage<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCarlos Fonseca Rivera, Seyyed Hosseini\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Sand Tank Visualization of the Effect of CO2 Microbubble Injection on Plume Migration and Trapping<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tH. Ni*<sup>1<\/sup>, R. Okuno<sup>1<\/sup> and D. Tang<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. The University of Texas at Austin; 2. CO2CRC Limited)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study investigates how CO2 microbubble injection influences dissolution plume migration and trapping in porous media compared to conventional gas injection. Conventional CO2 injection often leads to rapid buoyant rise and limited dissolution. Microbubble technology, with its enhanced interfacial area and reduced buoyancy, offers improvements in solubility and retention, reducing the buoyant CO2 plume. The objective is to visualize and quantify these differences in a controlled sand tank setting, providing insights for subsurface carbon storage strategies.Methods, Procedures, Process: Two meter-scale sand tank experiments were conducted using a layered domain: coarse quartz sand at the bottom and fine sand at the top acting as a capillary barrier. The tank was saturated with deionized water containing a pH indicator dye for visual tracking of CO2 dissolution. In the first experiment, 100% CO2 gas was injected at ambient conditions. In the second experiment, CO2 was co-injected with water (9:1 volumetric ratio) under identical conditions, forming a microbubble dispersion of CO2 with a bubble number density of 109 bubbles per mL and an average bubble diameter of 1.5 \u03bcm. Time-lapse imaging captured plume evolution, and post-processing quantified migration speed, dissolution extent, and trapping behavior.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Microbubble injection significantly altered plume morphology compared to conventional gas injection. Microbubbles exhibited slower vertical migration, prolonged residence time, and enhanced dissolution, as evidenced by color change in the pH indicator. Conventional injection resulted in a distinct gas phase trapped beneath the fine sand layer, whereas gas-phase CO2 was much less visible when injected as microbubbles. Analysis revealed that microbubbles accelerated dissolution by providing a large gas\u2013water interfacial area during slow migration, with terminal velocities below 1 cm per day in the coarse sand pack. The CO2 microbubbles\u2019 low buoyancy and favorable dissolution kinetics allowed complete dissolution in the resident water before reaching the capillary barrier.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides the first direct visualization of CO2 microbubble behavior in a meter-scale porous system, bridging laboratory-scale observations and field-scale implications. By demonstrating enhanced dissolution and trapping, this novel technique can unlock potential CO2 storage resources shallower than 800 m due to reduced buoyancy, improved dissolution trapping security, and mitigated leakage risks.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:45 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Spatio\u2013Temporal Disentanglement Framework for Knowledge Transfer Between CO2-EOR and CO2 Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Cornelio*<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Zhao<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Mao<sup>2<\/sup>, A. J. Ghahfarokhi<sup>2<\/sup> and B. Jafarpour<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Southern California; 2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents a domain-informed spatio-temporal disentanglement framework for transfer learning from CO2-EOR to CO2 storage within the same depleted reservoir. By separating spatial structures from temporal dynamics, the model transfers injection and pressure trends learned during the EOR phase\u2014where data and simulations are abundant\u2014to the storage phase. The framework leverages shared reservoir physics to ensure predictive reliability for long-term containment while enhancing interpretability by controlling the information transferred between the two operations.Methods, Procedures, Process: A Recurrent U-Net (RU-Net) is built to model the 3D spatio-temporal evolution of CO2 plume migration and pressure buildup using permeability maps as input. A convolutional autoencoder, trained on EOR data, captures shared spatial features between EOR and storage. This parameter transfer strategy isolates spatial features from temporal trends, improving confidence in transferred knowledge. The pretrained encoder\u2013decoder weights initialize the RU-Net, whose recurrent layers learn temporal dependencies from EOR data and are later fine-tuned with limited CO2 storage data to achieve efficient transfer learning.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Model performance was tested with and without transfer learning under varying CO2 storage data sizes. Results show that transfer-learning achieves higher accuracy with fewer training samples. Leveraging EOR-derived knowledge, reduces the need for new simulations and accelerates model development for storage. Shared plume and pressure trends allow convolutional layers to learn consistent spatial patterns, improving stability and interpretability. The disentangled design allows separate analysis of spatial and temporal behavior, enhancing transparency in knowledge transfer. Transfer learning enables scalable, data-efficient integration of EOR data into storage modeling, improving predictive reliability and cost-effectiveness for coupled EOR\u2013storage systems in depleted reservoirs.Significance\/Novelty: This work introduces a spatio\u2013temporal disentanglement strategy for transfer learning between CO2-EOR and CO2 storage. By reusing EOR-trained representations to initialize storage modeling, the framework enables rapid, data-efficient development while maintaining predictive reliability. The workflow offers a cost-effective approach to leverage data-rich EOR operations to enhance storage forecasting, improve interpretability, and support optimized and risk-informed CO2 storage management in depleted reservoirs.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Downhole Reservoir Raman System for Pre-, Peri-, and Post-Injection Characterization of Wellbores during a Sequestration Field Trial in Abandoned Coal Bed Methane Wells in the Powder River Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. A. Myers*<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Herrera<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Brown<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Thomas<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Haddenham<sup>2<\/sup> and J. Pope<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Gas Sensing Technology Corporation dba WellDog; 2. Carbon GeoCapture Corporation)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The goal of this project is to demonstrate the utility of the Downhole Reservoir Raman Spectrometer (DRRS) during sequestration operations to characterize formation conditions in real time and in-situ before, during, and after injection.Methods, Procedures, Process: 4 coal bed methane wells in 2 formations were logged with the DRRS for composition, temperature, pressure, and conductivity across 3 phases of the trial. In pre-injection, residual methane gas content was logged. A step-rate injection test was performed to measure changes in pressure and composition of fluid in the monitor during the injection of produced water and characterize communication between wells. In the injection phase, disparate injections of dissolved CO2 were made over the course of a month. The monitor was intermittently logged to characterize wellbore fluid composition and identify any breakthrough of injection fluids. Post injection, the monitor was logged for breakthrough. The injector wellbore was also logged to characterize the concentration of CO2 down the water column.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Pre-injection logs of wellbores exhibited undersaturated methane conditions and slight variations in the salinity of fluids among the two formations. Differences in water produced from each formation were useful in characterization of the communication of the injector and monitor during the trial. During injections, changes in methane and salinity were observed, suggesting that injection fluid reached the monitor. However, no breakthrough of CO2 was observed in the monitor during the trial. The log of the injector post injection showed three distinct zones of concentration. In the shallowest \u2018Saturated\u2019 zone, beginning at 500\u2019 measured depth, a steadily increasing concentration gradient of dissolved CO2 was observed, which corresponded to the Henry\u2019s saturation prediction based on local pressure, temperature and salinity. In the second \u2018Undersaturated\u2019 zone below 750\u2019 md, the concentration leveled off, corresponding with the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the final injection into the formation. Finally, in the third \u2018Depletion\u2019 zone, 1300-1400\u2019 md, corresponding with perforations into the formation, concentration dropped slightly below the Undersaturated level, suggesting that the formation was actively taking up CO2 from the wellbore and depleting the localized dissolved CO2.Significance\/Novelty: The WellDog DRRS logging tool provides a powerful real-time, in-situ, and direct measurement of the composition of formation fluids in a sequestration setting.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4435357.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 7: Case Studies in Subsurface Modeling: Geomechanics, Pressure Buildup, and CO\u2082 Storage Optimization<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tScott Singleton, Erkan Ay\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Characterizing Commercial-Scale CO2 Storage Potential of Onshore Fluvial Reservoirs in a Seismically Active Forearc Basin, Cook Inlet, Alaska<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. Ness*<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Wallace<sup>1<\/sup>, L. Fritz<sup>1<\/sup>, F. Paskvan<sup>2<\/sup>, W. Peck<sup>3<\/sup>, B. Fossum<sup>3<\/sup> and M. Belowich<sup>4<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Advanced Resources International, Inc.; 2. Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks; 3. Univ. of North Dakota; 4. Self Employeed)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Cook Inlet is a northeast trending collisional forearc basin in Alaska with gas production that supplies the Alaska Railbelt region. Depleted gas resources and increasing energy demand from artificial intelligence data centers require new low-carbon energy solutions in Alaska. The Alaska Railbelt Carbon Capture and Storage (ARCCS) CarbonSAFE Phase II project is assessing the feasibility of the first commercial-scale geologic storage complex that aims to store 100 Mt CO2 captured from a new coal powerplant over 30 years.Methods, Procedures, Process: The AOI is located 30 miles west of Anchorage near five onshore gas fields. Well and mud logs define the Mio-Oligocene Tyonek Formation below 8,000 ft as the storage reservoir, with 637 ft net pay, 22% porosity, and 70 mD permeability. The overlying Lower Beluga Formation provides a 500 ft seal of interbedded claystone, coal, and siltstone. Five whole cores indicate the Tyonek Formation comprises semi-consolidated fine-medium grained sublitharenite sandstone in stacked fluvial sequences. The Upper Tyonek represents a fine, high sinuosity, meandering fluvial environment while the Middle Tyonek is coarse, low sinuosity, and a laterally continuous braided fluvial environment. Drilling mud weights and formation evaluation tests indicate a pore pressure of 0.465 psi\/ft and geomechanical modelling estimates a 90% fracture gradient threshold of 0.76 psi\/ft for the seal. The Beluga Formation marks the lowermost USDW with recent water quality samples ranging from 5,056-26,400 mg\/L TDS. Petrophysical estimates and historical water sampling show high water quality variability laterally and at depth across the AOI.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Dynamic simulations demonstrate 100 Mt CO2 injected over 30 years without exceeding BHP limits, producing a CO2 saturation plume that extends south offshore. The modelled pressure front approaches the Castle Mountain Fault (CMF) 7 miles to the north. Fault slip potential analyses indicate the CMF is critically stressed and marginal pressure increase could reactivate the structure. Continued characterization is needed to model variations in porosity and permeability throughout the reservoir which may restrict the lateral extent of the pressure plume.Significance\/Novelty: The ARCCS project represents the first large-scale CO2 storage hub feasibility study in Alaska, highlighting both the technical challenges of injection in a seismically active forearc basin and the critical role CO2 storage will play in securing Alaska\u2019s low-carbon energy future.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:45 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Limits of Simplification: Comparing 3D Reservoir Simulations and 1D Analytical Models for Pressure-Based AoR Assessment in Geological CO2 Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Meyer*, M. Zulqarnain, D. Riestenberg and M. Valluri\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Pressure buildup from CO2 injection is a key parameter in defining the Area of Review (AoR) for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects. The extent of pressure propagation depends on reservoir and fluid properties, formation continuity, and boundary conditions. While reduced-order or analytical models can approximate pressure buildup for infinite-acting systems, these simplifications often yield unrealistic AoR predictions compared with detailed multiphase flow simulations for open-boundary reservoirs. Discrepancies between approaches can challenge both regulators and developers, underscoring the need to understand the limitations of each before reconciling results for project-scale decisions.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study compares pressure buildup results from multiple field-scale 3D reservoir simulations with a reduced-order, single-phase diffusivity model commonly used in regulatory assessments. The simulations incorporated heterogeneity, anisotropy, and field data to evaluate how domain size and pore-volume multipliers influence pressure evolution and AoR delineation. Temporal and spatial pressure variations were benchmarked against reduced-order results to identify consistent trends and key differences across geologic settings.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Comparative analysis of five Class VI CCUS sites across diverse U.S. basins shows that 1D analytical methods cannot accurately capture pressure propagation in storage formations. The 1D results are highly sensitive to fluid saturation and compressibility, producing AoR estimates that can vary by more than an order of magnitude. High-injectivity systems exhibit greater variability, while low-permeability, low-rate systems show minimal deviation. AoR size also increases with computational domain size, indicating that boundary treatment strongly influences outcomes.Significance\/Novelty: This study highlights the limitations of 1D analytical models commonly used for pressure-based AoR delineation. Unlike previous work, it systematically evaluates how simplified assumptions\u2014such as infinite-acting boundaries and single compressibility values\u2014can misrepresent the pressure footprint relative to 3D reservoir simulations. The findings provide guidance for selecting fit-for-purpose modeling approaches, emphasizing that while reduced-order tools are valuable for screening, detailed 3D simulations are essential for accurate, site-specific CCUS design and regulatory review.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Optimizing CO2 Storage in a Heterogeneous Depleted Gas Reservoir: A Case Study from the Evetts Site-Permian Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Okyere Williams*<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Ampomah<sup>1<\/sup>, N. Sibaweihi<sup>2<\/sup>, A. Amosu<sup>2<\/sup> and R. Dupree<sup>3<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; 2. Petroleum Recovery Research Center, Socorro, New Mexico, USA; 3. Omnia Midstream Partners)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: CO2 injectivity and storage performance in depleted gas reservoirs are governed by geological heterogeneity, operational parameters, and phase behavior. Understanding these factors is critical for achieving safe and efficient long-term CO2 storage. This study evaluates CO2 injection performance in the Evetts depleted gas reservoir of the Permian Basin to optimize injection rate, well configuration, and zonal allocation for enhanced injectivity, reduced migration, and improved storage efficiency in a multi-formation system.Methods, Procedures, Process: The Evetts Field calibrated reservoir model was used to predict CO2 injection and monitoring performance under three sequestration scenarios. Each case evaluated an annual injection target of 2.5 million metric tonnes for 30 years and post-injection monitoring of 50 years. In the first case, injection occurred in the Silurian and Fusselman formations, the second targeted the Ellenberger formation as stacked storage, and the third employed dual wells between the upper (Silurian\u2013Fusselman) and lower (Ellenberger) formations to simulate stacked storage behavior.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulation results from the base case showed that injected CO2 within the Silurian\u2013Fusselman formations stabilized about 10 years after injection ceased, with minimal post-injection migration. In the single-well commingled Silurian\u2013Fusselman\u2013Ellenberger configuration, approximately 99% of the injected CO2 accumulated in the upper formations due to higher injectivity and limited flow into the Ellenberger. The dual-well completion scenario improved pressure distribution and reduced the plume footprint across the stacked system by roughly 11\u201315 % at the end of injection and 10\u201312 % 10 years post-injection. The optimized configuration effectively decreased the overall Area of Review (AoR), confirming its capability to control plume expansion and minimize the monitoring area required for long-term containment.Significance\/Novelty: This research introduces a practical framework for improving CO2 injectivity and storage while minimizing the AoR in depleted gas reservoirs. By optimizing well design and controlling injection rates, CO2 plume migration can be managed effectively, reducing monitoring costs and ensuring secure containment. The results demonstrate that multi-formation and dual-well injection strategies enhance storage efficiency, pressure control, and long-term stability.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4436159.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Panel\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #4facfe;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Panel Session: Behind the Approvals: Real-World Lessons from Class VI Permit Holders<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator Stephanie Nwoko\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Raad*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(ExxonMobil Low Carbon Solutions)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC. R. Stevens*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Harvestone Low Carbon Partners)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT. Hurst*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Carbon TerraVault)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tN. Robinson*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Sempra Infrastructure)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 7: AI Applications in CCS Modeling<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVictor Parra, Seyyed Hosseini\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Integrated Reduced-Order Modeling and Reinforcement Learning for Intelligent Geological Carbon Storage Management: A Real-Time Optimization Framework for Complex 3D Heterogeneous Reservoirs<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT. Yehia<sup>1<\/sup>, Y. Falola*<sup>2<\/sup>, I. Eloghosa<sup>3<\/sup>, g. Nair<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Toms<sup>2<\/sup> and N. Meehan<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. TEXAS A&amp;M UNINVERSITY; 2. Halliburton; 3. Louisiana State University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents a workflow coupling 3D Embed-to-Control-and-Observe (E2CO) reduced-order modeling with reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize geological CO2 storage operations. The goal is to maximize injection efficiency while ensuring safety and regulatory compliance.Methods, Procedures, Process: A 30-year CO2 injection operation for permanent sequestration was simulated, with concurrent brine production for pressure management. Training covers injection\/production schemes ranging from small (1\u20132 megatons CO2\/year) to large (2\u20135 megatons CO2\/year), spanning three geological realizations to capture subsurface uncertainty. E2CO is a critical computational bridge for RL optimization, achieving ~10000x speedup over full-physics simulation while maintaining high-fidelity predictions of CO2 migration, pressure evolution, and storage efficiency.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The RL-based framework successfully learned adaptive strategies that maximize CO2 storage while maintaining operational safety. The agent identified policies that exploit geological heterogeneity by increasing injection rates in regions with higher capacity and reducing them near critical thresholds where plume migration or pressure buildup risks arise. Hard penalties embedded in the reward function consistently steered the agent away from unsafe outcomes, ensuring that operational limits were respected. The E2CO surrogate enabled rapid evaluation of millions of strategies, making large-scale exploration computationally feasible while preserving predictive accuracy of plume evolution and reservoir pressures. Testing across three geological realizations demonstrated that learned policies generalized effectively, achieving robust performance under uncertainty. Compared with static or rule-based approaches, the RL-optimized strategies delivered higher cumulative injection, improved containment security, and more stable pressure management. Furthermore, the workflow supports continuous optimization, enabling dynamic policy adjustment as monitoring data becomes available throughout the project lifecycle.Significance\/Novelty: This work is the first to integrate reinforcement learning with E2CO reduced-order modeling for 3D CO2 storage optimization. Our method generalizes across geological realizations while remaining computationally efficient. The result is a scalable, AI-driven paradigm that advances subsurface carbon storage practices by enabling intelligent, automated, and safe optimization throughout project lifecycles.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4413231.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Benchmarking Advanced Graph Neural Networks for CO2 Migration in Complex Geological Formations<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. S. Luna<sup>1<\/sup>, T. H. Coelho<sup>1<\/sup>, R. M. Velho<sup>1<\/sup>, A. M. Cortes<sup>1<\/sup>, R. N. Elias<sup>1<\/sup>, A. G. Evsukoff<sup>1<\/sup>, F. A. Rochinha<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Araya*<sup>2<\/sup>, H. Gross<sup>2<\/sup> and A. L. Coutinho<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; 2. TotalEnergies)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate and efficient monitoring of CO2 migration in complex geological formations is critical for the safe deployment of carbon storage technologies. Traditional numerical simulators, while reliable, are computationally costly when simulating long-term storage scenarios or performing uncertainty quantification studies. Recent surrogate modeling approaches, such as Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), have demonstrated good accuracy and substantial speedups, for varied tasks, such as parameter exploration, optimization, and uncertainty quantification, and also playing a role in digital twins or\/and shadows.Methods, Procedures, Process: Key is that GNNs naturally accommodate unstructured meshes, typical of geological reservoirs. We deploy an advanced end-to-end GNN pipeline, based on MeshGraphNet to generate surrogates for CO2 migration. The model has three main parts: an encoder, mapping initial node and edge feature matrices into latent embeddings; a processor composed of sequential message-passing steps updating the embeddings and capturing the spatial dependencies; and a temporal module via a Chebyshev graph-convolutional LSTM, integrating spectral graph convolutions, enabling the model to capture spatial and temporal correlations in a unified latent space. Finally, a decoder maps the latent node embeddings back to the physical space. An autoregressive training strategy over rolling windows is adopted to extend the prediction horizon while mitigating error accumulation.Results, Observations, Conclusions: A surrogate model is built using the above for the 11th SPE CSP Version 11A, a 2D geometry set at laboratory scale and conditions, closely inspired by an actual CO2 storage laboratory experiment. The governing equations form a fully coupled system that combines the Darcy momentum balance with N component-wise mass-conservation equations and an EOS flash constraint. The benchmark presents several challenges: a sharp gas-water interface and a rapid onset of convective mixing with massive finger development make training a surrogate for gas saturation and phase composition very difficult. We study the effects of the amount of data for training the GNN-LSTM framework, the size of autoregressive rollouts, the message-passing hop size and computing performance. The surrogate achieves good predictions for gas saturation and the aqueous density phase, where fingers develop.Significance\/Novelty: Capturing all these phenoma is key for modeling and monitoring of real CO2 storage deployments, in particular when long time span are considered.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443499.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:40 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Hybrid CNN\u2013PINN and Molecular Dynamics Framework for Predicting Capillary Heterogeneity in Geological CO2 Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Khandoozi* and M. Soltanian\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Cincinnati)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Capillary heterogeneity strongly influences CO2 migration, trapping, and long-term storage security. Conventionally, when scaling capillary pressure curves using the Leverett J-function, a uniform contact angle is assumed, simplifying wettability effects and neglecting mineralogical, roughness, and geochemical controls that vary across facies. This study aims to quantify facies-scale wettability variability and incorporate its effects into field-scale predictions of CO2 migration and trapping.Methods, Procedures, Process: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations compute CO2\u2013brine contact angles on representative minerals under controlled surface charge and roughness, establishing quantitative links between facies descriptors and wettability. Two-phase flow simulations translate these contact-angle fields into saturation and trapping responses. A hybrid Convolutional Neural Network\u2013Physics-Informed Neural Network (CNN\u2013PINN) framework is trained on geological inputs (porosity, permeability, mineralogy, surface charge) and saturation data to reconstruct spatially variable contact-angle and capillary-pressure fields. The PINN component enforces Darcy flow, mass balance, and capillary relations, ensuring physical consistency even under sparse or noisy data. The workflow will also explore the potential to assimilate point-based observations and seismic-derived saturation maps to condition the inferred contact-angle fields and improve large-scale plume predictions.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The CNN\u2013PINN recovers contact angle distributions consistent with MD predictions and two-phase flow physics. Incorporating heterogeneous wettability enhances predictions of plume migration, residual and capillary trapping, and reduces leakage risk relative to uniform-wettability models based on the J-function. The framework generalizes across multiple facies realizations and preserves physical consistency without extensive calibration.Significance\/Novelty: This work introduces a physics-guided, data-driven approach that bridges facies-scale wettability with field-scale CO2 plume behavior. The method fuses MD simulations, CNN inference, and PINN constraints to achieve scalability, reduce reliance on laboratory measurements, and enable more reliable screening and monitoring of CO2 storage sites. The final goal is to develop a framework to demonstrate the ability to infer capillary heterogeneity from seismic and well-based observations, thereby improving prediction of plume evolution and overall storage performance.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 5: Regional Updates<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbouzar Mirzaei Paiaman, Friso Veenstra\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Toward an Integrated, Multi-Use Future for Illinois Basin Subsurface Resources<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tN. D. Webb*, N. Grigsby, S. M. Frailey and D. C. Willette\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Illinois State Geological Survey)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Illinois Basin (ILB) is poised to play a central role in the nation\u2019s energy future. Expanding interest in subsurface resources, including coal, conventional oil reservoirs and residual oil zones (ROZs) for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR), deep reservoirs suitable for geologic carbon storage (GCS), natural gas, hydrogen, geothermal energy and storage, and critical-mineral development, demands a systematic, basin-wide approach to resource assessment and management. This study integrates play-based assessment of GCS with delineated oil fields and ROZ fairways to demonstrate how coordinated geologic and geospatial analyses can advance an integrated framework for subsurface management.Methods, Procedures, Process: The Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) has developed a geospatial database that unifies subsurface, surface, and societal datasets to identify and classify GCS \u201cplays\u201d across Cambro-Ordovician strata. The same framework supports mapping of ROZ fairways through synthesis of oil shows, production history, and well-log analyses. The resulting maps use common risk segment (CRS) mapping and statistical classification to screen and rank geographic areas for GCS and EOR, establishing a unified workflow for evaluating geologic opportunities across multiple resource types. Risk parameters can be customized for each application, while the basin-wide approach provides flexibility to assess multi-use potential.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Mapping highlights stacked storage intervals beyond the Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone, expanding the portfolio of GCS targets across the ILB. ROZ fairways contain roughly 5 billion barrels of original oil in place and associated GCS potential exceeding 400 million tonnes. Integrating these assessments reveals spatial overlap between GCS and EOR opportunities, an essential foundation for basin-scale planning, permitting, and coordinated development of multi-use subsurface resources.Significance\/Novelty: This work represents an initial step toward a data-informed, geology-driven framework for subsurface resource management in the ILB. By integrating GCS and EOR resources within a shared geospatial and risk-based framework, ISGS demonstrates a replicable model for evaluating resource co-location, regulatory overlap, and long-term stewardship. This approach advances the vision of the ILB as an integrated subsurface system supporting carbon management, oil production, energy storage, and critical mineral development in a coordinated and sustainable manner.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Basin Oriented Strategy for Deployment of CO2 Enhanced Coalbed Methane Technology in the Black Warrior Basin, Alabama<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Cuilik*, A. Oudinot and G. Koperna\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International, Inc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Southeast Regional CO2 Utilization and Storage Acceleration Partnership (SECARB-USA) project, in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy (FE) mission to identify and advance secure, reliable, and environmentally sound fossil energy supplies, has undertaken efforts to identify potential sites to deploy CO2-enhanced recovery technologies for legacy oil and gas operations in the southeast. This presentation will review the project\u2019s assessment of CO2-enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) potential in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama. Commercial coalbed methane (CBM) production began in the Black Warrior Basin in 1980. After 30 years of rapid growth, CBM production has declined by over 70% from its 2004 peak. Estimates of original gas-in-place in the Pennsylvanian-aged Pottsville Coal seams range from 10-20 TCF, with cumulative gas production to date of 3.2 TCF, suggesting significant growth potential with the deployment of ECBM technology. The assessment provides a catalog of the technically recoverable gas and the associated CO2 storage potential by field with the aim of high-grading prospective areas for stakeholders to pursue additional evaluations for ECBM deployment such as economic forecasting and pilot test design.Methods, Procedures, Process: Production data from the 19 CBM fields in the Black Warrior Basin was compiled to create cumulative production profiles and generate time-zero type curves for the average well in each field. The history matched curves were then used to model a quarter five spot pattern for each field with CO2 injection that would show the incremental gas production and associated CO2 storage that could be achieved using ECBM technology, which was then upscaled to reflect a field-wide average case.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The assessment revealed nine fields which are favorable for the use of ECBM and 10 fields, particularly those with elevated water production, that do not see notable incremental production. The nine favorable fields, if ECBM were to be deployed, could add an additional 160 BCF of technically recoverable gas to the southeastern US natural gas supply with 305 million metric tons of associated CO2 storage.Significance\/Novelty: While several studies have investigated the feasibility of ECBM in the Black Warrior Basin, this is the first to catalog each field in the basin in the late stages of its primary productive life and provides a workflow for conducting similar assessments in other US coal basins to further uncover critical domestic energy supplies.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:40 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Variabilities in Rock Quality in the Frio Formation, Onshore Texas, USA: Implications for CO2 Storage and Reservoir Injectivity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC. Uroza*, S. Bhattacharya and S. Hovorka\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(BEG, University of Texas)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Texas Frio Formation has become an important target for CO2 storage. In East Texas, Frio storage capacity is high, but South Texas storage potential is less known. Here we address the rock quality as a crucial parameter to estimate CO2 storage capacity and reservoir injectivity, especially in South Texas where diagenesis of volcanic and carbonate material can severely impact rock quality and reservoir injectivity.Methods, Procedures, Process: A 250km transect is considered, from Brazoria County in the north to Hidalgo County in the south. Well-log correlation was done to define the stratigraphic framework. Porosity and permeability data from conventional cores and sidewall plugs are incorporated to the study, as well as capillary pressure from South Texas. Available petrographic data (thin section, XRD, SEM) is been incorporated to the study. In South Texas, identification of volcanic rock fragments is crucial since they can transform to other minerals that clog the pore space. Carbonate cement precipitation is also important since it can severely reduce rock permeability. Additionally, CO2 storage capacity calculations using EASiTool (GCCC-BEG public software) would be done where porosity and permeability show significant variations.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Well-log correlation in the study area is challenging due to absence of extensive marine shales and fluvio-deltaic nature of the Frio depositional system. North of the study transect, reservoir rocks are quartz-rich, but in South Texas the Frio sandstones are feldspathic litharenites to lithic arkoses with abundant volcanic rock fragments due to drainage from volcanic areas in Mexico and west Texas into the ancient Rio Grande basin. We have seen areas where carbonate cement has precipitated into the pore space during early diagenesis, potentially reducing the rock injectivity to the CO2. However, this phenomenon varies even within a single well. Variability of reservoir quality in the area is complex, with facies and burial depth controlling rock quality in the absence of diagenesis, but when significant diagenesis occurs, like in South Texas, the porosity and permeability of the reservoir rock can be diminished.Significance\/Novelty: Understanding the variations in reservoir quality is crucial when assessing the potential for CO2 sequestration of any storage site. There is a lack of studies addressing the reservoir quality implications for CO2 sequestration in the Frio Formation, especially in South Texas. Therefore, this study is significant in reducing this knowledge gap.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 4: CO\u2082-EOR Value and Policy Implications<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDiana Khandilyan, Matt Flannery\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Economic and Regulatory Impacts of the 2025 OBBBA Act on CO2-EOR and Class VI Storage Deployment in the United States<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP. Piriyathanasak* and J. Agudelo\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Welligence Energy Analystics)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The 2025 One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) increased the U.S. 45Q tax credit for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from US $60 to US $85 per ton, matching the incentive for permanent storage. This study examines how the higher credit reshapes project economics, well-design strategies, and investment behavior across the U.S. EOR and carbon-storage markets. It explores the interaction among fiscal incentives, oil prices, and regulatory frameworks governing Class II EOR and Class VI storage wells.Methods, Procedures, Process: The analysis draws on the Welligence CCUS project database and supporting public datasets covering Class II wells and all Class VI applications under U.S. EPA review as of mid-2025. Economic modeling compared greenfield and brownfield EOR projects under varying oil-price and 45Q credit-sharing scenarios. Case studies\u2014most notably the Petra Nova project and new Gulf Coast developments\u2014demonstrate how fiscal policy, well classification, and market conditions influence breakeven levels, cash flow, and investment timing.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The higher 45Q credit lowers EOR breakevens by up to 27% and improves after-tax free cash flow by US $6\u201310 per barrel for brownfield projects. Although profitability strengthens, the incentive alone is unlikely to drive a new wave of greenfield projects because oil price volatility and capital intensity remain limiting factors. A growing number of operators now design Class II EOR wells to meet Class VI standards, enabling future conversion to permanent storage. This dual-use strategy is gaining traction in Texas and Louisiana, supported by favorable geology and existing CO2 pipeline infrastructure.Significance\/Novelty: This study delivers one of the first quantitative assessments of OBBBA\u2019s economic and regulatory implications using the Welligence CCUS dataset. It highlights a shift from production-driven EOR toward integrated carbon-management systems that balance near-term oil recovery with long-term CO2 storage potential. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers and developers seeking to align tax incentives, permitting strategies, and investment planning to accelerate the next phase of U.S. CCUS deployment.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">New Carbon Insights into Old Dog Reservoirs: Life-Cycle Assessment on Global 140+ CO2 EOR Projects<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. Ren*<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Liang<sup>2<\/sup>, m. jabbar<sup>2<\/sup> and F. Ramadan<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Aramco Americas; 2. Aramco)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Most CCS projects are now at oilfields via CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CO2-EOR has been widely used for 50 years in the US and elsewhere. Carbon storage incidental to CO2-EOR varies by fields\/reservoirs, with about half of injected CO2 retained in oil reservoirs on average. This incidental storage enables produced oil to be low- or even negative-carbon from a life cycle view. This paper aims to rigorously assess greenhouse gas impacts of historical CO2-EOR projects and identify economic, operational, and geological factors that support low-carbon oil production.Methods, Procedures, Process: We analyzed global 140+ historical CO2-EOR projects, collecting injection and production data. Using type curve modeling, we matched production history to predict long-term (&gt;2 hydrocarbon pore volume) oil recovery and carbon storage. We then applied a GHG emission model to quantify carbon footprints across CCS-EOR stages\u2014capture, injection, storage, production, and processing. This was integrated with an economic model to assess how technical and financial factors affect the duration of low-carbon oil output. Operational parameters (e.g., water-alternating-gas ratios) and CO2 sources (natural vs. industrial) were varied to evaluate their impact on emissions and project performance.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The dataset covers miscible\/immiscible floods, carbonate\/sandstone rocks, reservoir depths (1,200\u201311,950 ft), permeabilities (0.1\u20132,300 mD), oil viscosities (0.3\u2013260 cp), and other field traits. Our assessment found low-carbon oil production typically occurs early in CO2 injection, with duration varying widely. This variability strongly correlates with reservoir depth, permeability, gas-oil ratios, and gas composition. Duration can be extended by optimizing injection strategies, switching CO2 sources, and selecting surface CO2 separation processes. With ideal combinations of these factors, low-carbon production duration can be doubled compared to the base case.Significance\/Novelty: Carbon storage in oil reservoirs is a practical CCUS option. By assessing historical CO2-EOR projects with reliable reservoir data, we show that CCS-EOR can enable low-carbon oil during specific production periods. Success depends on sound engineering, optimized processing, and strong carbon storage incentives. Our findings suggest that reservoirs at risk of being stranded due to high emissions from traditional operations could be revitalized through CO2 injection, serving both enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage purposes.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">The Role of Carbon Dioxide Storage with Enhanced Oil Recovery in Climate Change Mitigation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Krevor*, N. Darraj and M. Blunt\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Imperial College London)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Large-scale CO2 storage is central to nearly all future climate mitigation scenarios. Injection technology is already mature in the oil and gas industry. About 40 commercial projects currently inject CO2 underground for climate purposes. EOR using CO2 dominates these projects. This approach is contentious because the overall climate benefit remains uncertain, given that the recovered oil generates additional emissions. However, the economic returns from combining CO2 storage with EOR make most current projects commercially viable while supporting the development of CO2 transport and storage infrastructure essential for future large-scale deployment, with or without oil production.Methods, Procedures, Process: In this literature based study we evaluate the engineering distinctions and similarities between CO2 storage and EOR as stand-alone activities as compared with their combined use, technical issues of the LCA emissions of current and potential future storage chains, the economic benefits and opportunities afforded from the synergy between oil production and CO2 storage, and summarise the socio-political concerns.Results, Observations, Conclusions: LCA of CCS indicate that achieving emission mitigation rates above 90% is essential for climate benefits. Below this level, the energy demands along with process emissions, make CCS costly and inefficient. Extending this threshold to CO2-EOR shows that the climate benefit depends on both LCA efficiency and the CO2 injected-to-oil produced ratio. When this ratio exceeds 0.5\u20130.7 tonnes of CO2\/barrel, modest net emission reductions are possible; as it decreases, additional oil production quickly offsets any benefit. A key uncertainty lies in the economic concept of additionality, particularly whether the oil produced through EOR is truly additional to what the market would supply otherwise. While current CO2 storage projects contribute negligibly to total oil output, large-scale deployment envisioned for future mitigation will require substantially higher CO2\/oil ratios to achieve meaningful climate benefits.Significance\/Novelty: We provide a quantitative framework for evaluating when and how CO2 EOR can serve as an enabler for large-scale CO2 storage. It establishes practical thresholds and policy guidelines to ensure that the technique contributes to carbon management rather than expanded fossil fuel production. We define the conditions under which CO2 EOR remains climate-positive.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Quantifying the Value Proposition of CO2 Storage and Domestic Oil Production in the U.S. using CO2 EOR<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Wallace*, G. Koperna and D. Riestenberg\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: CO2 EOR is a proven technology with 50+ years of successful demonstration in the U.S. that could significantly contribute to domestic energy security and promote energy innovation and sustainability. With increased economic incentives for CO2 storage through 45Q, capture sources are in need of numerous and diverse options for secure geologic storage. CO2 EOR could store millions of tonnes of CO2 in the U.S. annually while increasing production of low carbon intensity fuel products. The objective of this study is to 1) identify potential sources of CO2; 2) identify oil fields viable for CO2 EOR near capture sources; and 3) quantify the value proposition of CO2 storage and incremental oil production using CO2 EOR.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study is in progress. We are finalizing the 2024 U.S. CO2 EOR Survey, to be published in December, as the basis for this analysis. The study identified potential anthropogenic sources of CO2 for CO2 EOR including 1) over 70 industrial\/power facilities with over 125 MMmt of annual CO2 capture capacity, 2) current and planned data center locations, and 3) natural gas processing facilities and other industrial CO2 sources. We screened ARI\u2019s proprietary database of over 2,000 reservoirs to identify candidate CO2 EOR reservoirs with over 275 Bbbl of OOIP located in CO2 EOR regions. Using the ARI CO2 Prophet model we determined incremental oil production potential and CO2 demand for each candidate reservoir. Lastly, we will use the ARI CO2 EOR Cost Model to calculate project economics and revenues based on oil price, CO2 price, CAPEX\/OPEX costs, and CO2 transportation\/recycling costs.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The study will identify the regional balance of potential CO2 supplies and resource demand for CO2 EOR in the U.S. The study will also quantify potential economic benefits of CO2 EOR in the U.S. including oil and severance tax revenues, CO2 sales revenue and storage credits, and CO2 EOR infrastructure development. These metrics, along with the benefits of prolonging the economic life of legacy oil fields, comprise the overall value proposition of CO2 EOR in the U.S.Significance\/Novelty: This is the first study of its kind to quantify the value proposition of CO2 EOR in the U.S. from the perspective of both secure geologic storage of CO2 and increased domestic oil production. This study will demonstrate the importance of CO2 EOR in the U.S. in terms of economic benefits to industries and states, energy sustainability and diversification, and global leadership in technology innovation.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 7: AI-Enhanced Subsurface Modeling and Seismic Data Integration for CO\u2082 Storage<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeyyed Hosseini\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Overview of Impacts of the Carbon Utilization and Storage Partnership of the Western U.S.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. S. Balch*<sup>1<\/sup>, b. mcpherson<sup>2<\/sup>, M. Cather<sup>1<\/sup>, K. El-Kaseeh<sup>1<\/sup> and j. Raney<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New Mexico Tech; 2. University of Utah)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Carbon Utilization and Storage Partnership (CUSP), a U.S. D.O.E. Regional Initiative, was established in 2019 commecialize carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in the western U.S. States in the region are Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and west Texas. The region contains significant CO2 storage potential and a growing industrial capture base associated with energy and manufacturing. Federal funding ended in September 2025, so an analysis of the impact on commercialization of CO2 storage in the Western USA is offered, including a summary of related projects, lessons learned, and guidance for future regional programs.Methods, Procedures, Process: CUSP\u2019s mission is to advance the technical, regulatory, and economic readiness of large-scale CCUS systems by integrating data, infrastructure, and stakeholder collaboration in the western U.S. with four core objectives: 1) Address technical challenges through improved understanding of storage in stacked and unconventional formations and reduction of associated uncertainties; 2) Facilitating data collection, sharing, and analysis by consolidating and updating regional datasets to enhance knowledge of CO2 injection, containment, and economic feasibility; 3) Evaluating regional infrastructure needs for CO2 transport, including the development of optimized capture-to-storage network scenarios; and 4) Promoting technology transfer and stakeholder engagement through education, outreach, and policy collaboration to foster project development and public confidence.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The CUSP supported early commercial projects in CO2 EOR and Midstream Processing, enabling 45Q tax credits by approved Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) plans, serving as models for replication throughout the region. By building a unified CCUS database and establishing a strong regional framework for collaboration, CUSP created a connected, data-driven network across the western U.S. The CUSP is helping to ensure that CCUS can be deployed safely, securely, and economically\u2014advancing national decarbonization goals while promoting regional economic development.Significance\/Novelty: This paper will present a summary of data from diverse stakeholders in the western USA, usable for planning of projects. We will identify direct and indirect projects related to CUSP activities, and provide an overview of technology transfer. An ROI analysis will be presented, to validate the use of federal funds.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Deep Learning-Based Prediction of CO2 Plume Migration Dynamics from Sparse Seismic Monitoring Data<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Rustamov*, Y. Liu and B. Jafarpour\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Southern California)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents a recurrent spatio-temporal U-Net framework for reconstructing and forecasting CO2 plume migration from sparse surface seismic monitoring data. The model is trained on seismic datasets from a field-scale Kimberlina 1.2 CO2 storage model and evaluated under varying source\u2013receiver configurations. Sensitivity analyses assess reconstruction accuracy and predictive robustness under realistic, data-limited seismic acquisition scenarios.Methods, Procedures, Process: A recurrent U-Net architecture is developed to learn the spatio-temporal evolution of CO2 saturation fields from sparse seismic observations. The training dataset comprises temporal 2D saturation cross-sections and corresponding synthetic seismic data generated from the Kimberlina 1.2 reservoir model across diverse geological realizations and acquisition sparsity levels. Acoustic wave equation modeling is used to generate time-lapse seismic responses. The model\u2019s performance is systematically evaluated through reconstruction and forecasting experiments, with sensitivity analyses on the number and spatial arrangement of seismic sources and surface sensors.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The proposed recurrent U-Net achieves accurate inversion of sparse seismic monitoring data, successfully reconstructing plume evolution and forecasting future CO2 saturation distributions. The model propagates temporal dependencies effectively, even under noisy and highly undersampled conditions. Results indicate lower reconstruction and prediction errors during the injection phase, reflecting stronger seismic\u2013saturation correlations compared to the post-injection regime where diffusion-driven transport dominates. Sensitivity analyses highlight that optimized shot\u2013receiver placement improves recovery of localized plume features, enhancing predictive reliability. Overall, the framework demonstrates robustness and scalability for sparse monitoring networks, offering a promising approach for cost-effective plume tracking and dynamic prediction in large-scale CO2 storage projects.Significance\/Novelty: This study introduces a data-driven seismic inversion framework for field-scale CO2 monitoring that integrates physics-informed training and real-time inference. By pre-training the model on synthetic saturation\u2013seismic pairs generated from reservoir simulations, the approach enables rapid, real-time plume reconstruction and prediction from limited field seismic data\u2014enhancing monitoring efficiency, reducing acquisition costs, and supporting informed operational and financial decisions.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Super-Resolution Deep Learning for Fine-Scale Prediction of CO2 Plume Migration in Saline Aquifers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Bhuiyan*, Z. Qin, J. Cornelio and B. Jafarpour\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Southern California)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate and efficient simulation of CO2 injection and migration is essential for assessing long-term storage performance and safety in saline aquifers. High-fidelity fine-scale models can capture complex geological features and multiphase flow processes but are prohibitively expensive for large-scale uncertainty quantification and optimization workflows. In contrast, coarse-scale models are computationally efficient but often lose critical physical detail. This study introduces a deep learning\u2013based super-resolution framework that reconstructs fine-scale pressure and saturation dynamics from coarse-scale simulations, enabling accurate, high-resolution predictions at a fraction of the computational cost.Methods, Procedures, Process: A convolutional neural network (CNN)\u2013based super-resolution model is trained to map coarse-grid pressure and saturation fields to their fine-scale counterparts. Training data are generated from paired high- and low-resolution simulations of 3D heterogeneous reservoirs with variable permeability distributions. The model learns multiscale spatial correlations that link global flow patterns captured at the coarse scale with detailed local CO2 plume evolution. Once trained, the model predicts fine-scale outcomes for unseen reservoir realizations, well configurations, and timesteps, thereby testing its extrapolative robustness.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The proposed framework accurately reconstructs fine-scale pressure and saturation from coarse inputs in diverse geological settings, including interbedded shale layers. Model predictions show strong agreement with reference simulations, preserving plume morphology and pressure distribution with minimal loss of fidelity. Importantly, the model generalizes well to unseen geological scenarios and alternative well placements, confirming its extrapolative capability. Compared to conventional fine-scale simulations, the deep learning framework achieves over two orders of magnitude speedup with negligible compromise in accuracy, making it suitable for real-time scenario analysis and iterative reservoir management.Significance\/Novelty: This study presents a scalable deep learning approach that bridges the gap between computational efficiency and physical accuracy in CO2 storage modeling. By leveraging super-resolution mapping between coarse and fine scales, the framework enables near\u2013high-fidelity simulation performance with significantly reduced cost, offering a practical path toward adaptive monitoring, risk assessment, and decision support in CCS operations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">WITHDRAWN: Uncertainty Reduction in Subsurface Carbon Storage Modeling through Data Assimilation of Seismic-Inverted CO2 Maps<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Velasco Lozano*<sup>1<\/sup>, B. Chen<sup>1<\/sup>, Z. Ma<sup>2<\/sup> and R. Pawar<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Los Alamos National Laboratory; 2. New Mexico Tech)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Prediction of dynamic CO2 saturation evolution in subsurface storage sites is critical to support carbon capture and storage deployment. Machine learning has gained important relevance to model CO2 injection in real time, reducing the uncertainty through inverse modeling techniques. However, conventional models rely on monitoring data from limited number of wells to update the initial reservoir realizations. In this work, we introduce a deep-learning workflow for the use of inverted CO2 maps from seismic as an innovative data source for improved data assimilation.Methods, Procedures, Process: We first built a deep-learning model (forward model engine) based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Fourier neural operators to predict CO2 saturation from reservoir properties and operational conditions. Next, we applied a deep CNN model to invert seismic gathers into encoded and reconstructed CO2 map responses. Finally, we developed a data assimilation module coupled with the forward model engine to reduce the uncertainty in the predicted CO2 saturation using the geophysics-derived CO2 maps from seismic gathers. To verify the applicability of our framework, we investigated the Frio-II storage site.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The results obtained demonstrate the importance of assimilating inverted CO2 maps, enabling a correct match of the spatial and temporal advance of the ground truth CO2 plumes with discrepancies in the root mean square error less than 0.05. In addition, the calibrated permeability distributions resulted in very similar maps to the ground truth model. This finding highlights the critical role that high-resolution geophysical data can play in supporting dynamic reservoir characterization and monitoring. Ultimately, the methodology outlined here suggests a novel and practical alternative for integrating machine learning and seismic inversion in reservoir management, enhancing our ability to monitor and forecast CO2 behavior in subsurface storage formationsSignificance\/Novelty: The work presented here describes a novel framework to generate more accurate data-driven estimations exploring the assimilation of inverted seismic information.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Special Session: Latin America<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJorge Barrios, Uday Tare\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Prefeasibility of CO2 Utilization for Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery Coupled with Geological Storage in Colombia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. A. Caicedo Avellaneda<sup>1<\/sup>, G. Maya<sup>1<\/sup>, K. M. Colmenares Vargas<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Agudelo Zambrano<sup>1<\/sup>, N. R. Moreno<sup>1<\/sup>, H. Buitrago<sup>2<\/sup>, A. Alvarez<sup>3<\/sup>, F. Yatte<sup>3<\/sup> and L. Santos*<sup>3<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Ecopetrol S.A.; 2. National Hydrocarbons Agency; 3. Computer Modelling Group)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents an integrated prefeasibility assessment of CO2-Enhanced Coalbed Methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery and geological CO2 storage in Colombia. Focusing on the Cundiboyacense region, the objective is to evaluate the dual potential of coal seams for methane extraction and carbon sequestration. The study aims to establish a technical foundation for implementing CO2-ECBM as a climate mitigation and energy recovery strategy in the country and as part of a just transition strategy aimed at decarbonizing the economy while safeguarding the livelihoods of families dependent on the coal industry.Methods, Procedures, Process: A multi-stage methodology was adopted, beginning with the identification and prioritization of five candidate zones using a screening matrix based on geological, geophysical, and infrastructural criteria. Coal and water samples were collected from outcrops and active mines and analyzed using geochemical profiling, XRD, petrography, and sorption tests. A static reservoir model was developed in CMG-GEM, incorporating dual-porosity parameters, Langmuir isotherms, and competitive adsorption mechanisms. Uncertainty analysis was conducted using CMOST-AI to evaluate multiple scenarios for methane recovery and CO2 storage.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The prioritized zone, Socot\u00e1-Tasco-Socha, exhibited favorable reservoir properties with matrix porosity between 2.6\u20133.8% and average fracture permeability of 4.9 mD. Laboratory tests confirmed high-volatile bituminous coal with a CO2 sorption capacity of 660 mg\/g. Simulation under primary depletion yielded a P50 methane recovery of 10.4%. CO2 storage estimates ranged from 1 to 28.8 Mt depending on scenario assumptions. Sensitivity analysis identified coal rank, reservoir pressure, and adsorption capacity as key performance drivers. The integrated workflow supports the technical feasibility of CO2-ECBM and provides a robust basis for future pilot studies.Significance\/Novelty: This is the first comprehensive prefeasibility study of CO2-ECBM in Colombia. It integrates site selection, laboratory characterization, reservoir modeling, and uncertainty analysis into a multidisciplinary workflow. The approach offers a scalable framework for early-stage CCUS evaluation in similar geological settings.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Confining System Evaluation and Site Characterization for CO2 Storage in the Paran\u00e1 Basin, Brazil<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tN. Weber*, J. Sousa, A. Vettorazzi, P. Jackson, L. Pacheco and C. Machado Neto\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Manaca CCS)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The study presents a site characterization and confining system evaluation conducted during the Pre-FEED phase of a BECCS project in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The project aims to store biogenic CO2 captured from nearby ethanol plants, at ranges around 200 kt CO2\/y, with capacity to scale up volumes. The main objective is to confirm the integrity, continuity, and sealing performance of a deep saline formation within the Paran\u00e1 Basin, demonstrating its suitability for long-term CO2 containment. Site selection integrated G&amp;G interpretation with surface data, followed by simulation-based analyses to support the project\u2019s transition to the FEED phase in early 2026.Methods, Procedures, Process: An integrated workflow included 2D seismic interpretation (12,000 km), petrophysical analysis of 16 wells, and 3D static modeling covering three geological groups (2,900 m of sediments), finalized with dynamic simulations to test CO2 injection rates, plume behavior, and sensitivity to key parameters. This enabled a detailed interpretation of seismic events and geological structures, resulting in a robust subsurface characterization that includes basin architecture and the volcanic framework.Results, Observations, Conclusions: A siliciclastic reservoir was confirmed as a suitable injection target due to its large net thickness, porosity and permeability ranges in line with other projects, and the presence of &gt;200 m of sealing levels on top of it, ensuring hydraulic isolation from the main overlying aquifers. Preliminary simulation results indicated good injectivity, a safe margin for fracture pressure, limited plume migration, seal effectiveness, and global storage efficiency. The findings supported the final well placement and, together with key well design parameters, demonstrated technical readiness for the first CO2 injection project in the Paran\u00e1 Basin.Significance\/Novelty: The potential of the Paran\u00e1 Basin for CO2 geological storage was demonstrated through the full characterization of a deep saline formation, providing project-scale evidence under a commercial development framework and indicating that CO2 storage in the basin is technically feasible, geologically secure, and supported by robust reservoir characterization. The outcomes reduce subsurface uncertainty, support regulatory advancement, and illustrate how established subsurface methodologies can facilitate CCS implementation in Brazil\u2019s emerging carbon management market.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Integrated Modeling of CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery in Colombia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. A. Caicedo Avellaneda<sup>1<\/sup>, G. Maya<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Ruiz<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Gutierrez<sup>2<\/sup>, M. Santos<sup>2<\/sup>, H. Buitrago<sup>3<\/sup>, A. Alvarez<sup>4<\/sup>, F. Yatte<sup>4<\/sup> and L. Santos*<sup>4<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Ecopetrol S.A.; 2. TIP Colombia; 3. National Hydrocarbons Agency ANH; 4. Computer Modelling Group)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study evaluates the technical feasibility of enhancing coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery through CO2 injection in the Guaduas Formation, located within the Eastern Cordillera Basin of Colombia. Using numerical simulation on a previously selected area, it explores the potential for simultaneous methane production and geological CO2 storage, contributing to energy transition strategies of the carbon industries in Colombia.Methods, Procedures, Process: A static geological model of the prioritized zone was developed using the GEM module within the CMG (Computer Modelling Group) simulation environment. The model integrates geological and petrophysical information derived from regional studies, stratigraphic well records, and laboratory analyses of core samples. The simulation incorporated Langmuir isotherms to represent gas adsorption and desorption, and modeled competitive CH4\u2013CO2 adsorption behavior, as well as diffusion, hysteresis, and solubility effects of gas in formation water. A dual porosity and permeability framework was used to simulate matrix and fracture systems. Uncertainty analysis was performed with CMOST-AI, allowing exploration of multiple geological and operational scenarios to quantify variability in recovery and storage outcomes.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initially, a baseline simulation under primary depletion conditions was performed to quantify the natural recovery potential of the system over a 20-year production period. A probabilistic Monte Carlo analysis (65,000 realizations) was subsequently carried out to assess the variability of the recovery factor (RF). The resulting distribution indicates values of P10 = 22.45 %, P50 = 10.41 %, and P90 = 0.47 %. These results exhibit a marked skew toward lower recovery efficiencies, consistent with the low-permeability and heterogeneous nature of coal reservoirs. As a result of the integrated assessment, preliminary estimates indicate that significant volumes of CO2 could be stored while simultaneously enhancing methane production. Sensitivity analysis highlighted coal rank, reservoir pressure, and adsorption capacity as the most influential parameters affecting performance.Significance\/Novelty: This is the first numerical simulation study of CO2-ECBM applied to Colombian coal seams. It introduces an integrated modeling workflow that combines reservoir simulation with AI-driven uncertainty analysis, offering a novel approach to evaluate coal as a dual-purpose resource for energy production and carbon sequestration in these formations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Results of a New CO2 EOR Project in Colombia 18 Years after its Last Application<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. A. S\u00e1chica*, H. Cubillos, H. Ramos, F. Torres, C. Medina and A. Cipagauta\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Ecopetrol)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: To present the project implemented 18 years after the last application of CO2 as a recovery method, allowing for an assessment of the role of these types of CCUS initiatives in decarbonization, generating value through the use of CO2 from the Barrancabermeja Refinery with enhanced oil recovery in the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin fields. To present an assessment of the potential use of CO2 to achieve carbon neutrality goals, challenging the achievement of emissions reduction targets through business diversification, making it a strategic pillar for the company in its transition to a sustainable future.Methods, Procedures, Process: The availability of sufficient and low-cost CO2 from the Barrancabermeja Refinery, the low recovery factor of the near fields, and the positive production results from old recovery oil pilots and CO2 well stimulation have led to the company returning to the path of conducting further decarbonization technology tests to leverage incremental production and reduce emissions. This article documents the entire process, from the analysis of alternatives, experimental testing, and logistical and territorial challenges to the construction of a work plan that began with an initial pilot project and is rebuilding trust with regulatory and policy-making bodies.Results, Observations, Conclusions: After the implementation of the recent CO2 injection project with an adequate Monitoring, Measurement and Verification process, it is concluded that the development of this type of initiatives is feasible, using the existing infrastructure, implementing good practices, with the support and assistance of technology and innovation. At the production level, a positive response from hydrocarbons is evident, confirming the experimental data and favoring the path toward decarbonization.Significance\/Novelty: These types of projects contribute knowledge and technological advancement, but their greatest contribution is to building trust with regulators to establish the appropriate path toward the regulatory framework for larger-scale projects. The implementation of these types of projects is promising and demonstrates that initiatives that generate value and make a significant environmental contribution can be fostered. For the first time, a project is being implemented with a standardized and structured Measurement, Monitoring, and Verification framework for a comprehensive evaluation. This undoubtedly builds trust with the regulator and ensures continuity of the CCUS work path.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4436270.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 9: Seismic and Non-Seismic  Monitoring<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPatricia Montoya, Michel Verliac\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Optimization of Ultra Sparse Acquisition for Monitoring of the Sleipner CO2 Plume<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. Oggioni*, M. Ledger, S. Hou, S. Hollingworth and F. Barracano\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Viridien)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Developing strategies that balance technical objectives with operational efficiency, while maintaining the ability to track CO2 movement and verify long-term storage security, is a key challenge in carbon storage monitoring. In this paper, we explore the potential of an automated workflow for optimizing Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) surveys using field data from the latest 2023 high density survey at the Sleipner storage site in Norway. Our novel workflow delivers a cost-effective 4D seismic solution, maintaining high-quality imaging results for both assessing CO2 conformance and ensuring secure containment.Methods, Procedures, Process: The 2023 OBN seismic survey used by Guzman et al. (2025) for full-wavefield imaging (FWI) of the Sleipner CO2 plume was acquired with a 300x50m receiver geometry. This original geometry was decimated to a 300x300m grid for the purpose of this work and used as reference geometry, and a FWI workflow was run up to a maximum frequency of 14Hz. The optimization algorithm was then applied to this reference geometry to identify the optimal, cost-effective subset of nodes and their position, for plume 4D monitoring. The selected subset of nodes (50 nodes) was then used as input to 14Hz FWI and 4D attributes were compared to those from reference 300x300m grid (318 nodes).Results, Observations, Conclusions: The optimized decimated receiver carpet yields a high-quality image of the CO2 plume, with 4D attributes comparable to those of the full node grid test, demonstrating that FWI using 15% of the nodes (50 vs 318 nodes) achieves an optimal balance between image quality and computational cost. The results of the decimated nodes test were also compared to the full-density update (300m x 50m spacing) showing a comparable update of the CO2 anomaly while utilizing only 5% of the total nodes (50 vs &gt;900 nodes). Furthermore, shot decimation tests were performed on both dense and optimized node grids, showing how optimized node geometry can be used in conjunction with a sparser shot carpet, while still delivering high quality 4D results. Ultra-sparse acquisition geometries, when combined with advanced full-wavefield imaging techniques, demonstrate the potential for jointly recovering the 4D CO2 response and imaging the overburden, which is essential for plume conformance and containment.Significance\/Novelty: This approach has the potential to enable operators to meet regulatory technical requirements while minimizing acquisition costs thanks to the combination of advanced imaging and optimization algorithm.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Evaluation of Seismic Survey Design Utilizing Dynamic Reservoir Modeling Outputs for CCUS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Wolpert*, M. Evans, A. Gunnell, S. Raziperchikolaee and A. Seitchik\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Battelle Carbon Services)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study was aimed at evaluating the suitability of 2D seismic for CCS plume monitoring beyond conventional 1D fluid substitution performed at the well by incorporating regional structural geology and reservoir modeling.Methods, Procedures, Process: Petrophysical data was extrapolated from the well location incorporating interpreted seismic horizons to create homogeneous\/structurally conforming 3D models. Water saturation and pore pressure from reservoir modeling are incorporated to create 3D elastic volumes via Gassmann fluid substitution at designated injection time steps. Finite difference modeling was then performed using a visco-acoustic wave equation with acquisition geometries matching that of a survey that was acquired previously. The raw gathers had differing levels of noise added and then subsequently processed to stacks.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Analysis of the stacked data and difference stacks showed the CO2plume signature is well above the noise floor. All modeled 2D seismic lines are predicted to be able to accurately track the plume migration even in areas with lower fold due to surface access issues.Significance\/Novelty: In some geologic environments, it should not be taken for granted that the seismic method for monitoring will be able to accurately track CO2 plume migration. Sophisticated modeling should be performed to further verify if the local geology is suitable for plume tracking by seismic. Starting injection only to discover the planned tracking method is insufficient can lead to costly project delays as well as increased environmental risk. The results from the finite difference study give credence to the planned monitoring surveys helping to potentially avoid costly project delays later in the process\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Toward Real-Time Semi-Continuous Monitoring of Geological CO2 Storage: Field Tests at the CMC-CaMI Field Research Station<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Macquet*, B. Kolkman-Quinn, D. Drolet, J. Cooper and D. Lawton\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Carbon management Canada)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Demonstrating the safe and permanent containment of injected CO2 requires monitoring methods capable of detecting any unexpected migration in a timely manner. The need for continuous assurance of containment integrity has led to the emergence of real-time, continuous surveillance techniques that complement traditional time-lapse seismic monitoring. The CaMI Field Research Station (FRS), developed and managed by Carbon Management Canada (CMC), serves as a controlled pilot site for testing and validating CO2 storage monitoring technologies. A small and controlled amount of CO2 is injected at 300m, and the site is heavily equipped with geophysical, hydrogeological, and geochemical monitoring. The CMC Advanced Multi-Physics Sparse monitoring (AMPS) project aims to develop a low-footprint, integrated node for cost-effective, semi-continuous, real-time monitoring of the CO2 storage complex. .Methods, Procedures, Process: The present paper focuses on the seismic aspect, with the deployment at the FRS of different permanent seismic sources (conventional vibe trucks, electric vibes, surface linear vibrators, surface orbital vibrator, and impulsive sources) using different deployment set-ups (on the ground, on a dement pad, or on a helical anchor). The four helical anchors are used to overcome near-surface challenges, such as attenuation and seasonal variations, and to prevent potential location repeatability issues. Different receivers are deployed at the FRS: surface and borehole geophones, optical fibre in the trench, two monitoring wells, broadband stations, volumetric arrays (SADAR from Geospace), and a highly sensitive strainmeter (SensorTensor from Tensora).Results, Observations, Conclusions: The repeatability, signal-to-noise ratio, signal penetration, frequency content, cost, and deployment ease for each receiver-source pair in each deployment setup are compared. An effort has been made to automate and enable real-time processing to manage the various data streams.Significance\/Novelty: This study represents one of the first comprehensive field-scale demonstrations of permanent seismic infrastructure for CO2 monitoring. Continuous surveillance provides an uninterrupted temporal record of reservoir evolution, enabling early detection and immediate response to unexpected behaviour. While the emphasis here is on seismic methods, the project will integrate electrical, strain and geochemical monitoring data for joint interpretation of plume evolution, enhancing confidence in interpretations and reducing the likelihood of false positives.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Recent Collaborations and Innovations to Demonstrate Next-Generation Techniques for Monitoring Subsurface Carbon Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT. L. Richards*, K. McBride, J. Hunt, A. Livers-Douglas, C. Olsen and K. Connors\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of North Dakota)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Energy &amp; Environmental Research Center (EERC) is advancing next-generation subsurface monitoring technologies to support the safe, cost-effective, and long-term implementation of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). This work focuses on integrating innovative, lower-impact seismic and electromagnetic (EM) techniques to improve monitoring efficiency and regulatory confidence while reducing environmental disturbance and project costs.Methods, Procedures, Process: The EERC and collaborators have deployed a suite of novel approaches at active carbon storage sites, including scalable, automated, sparse seismic array (SASSA) acquisition and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) surveys. The SASSA system utilizes surface orbital vibroseis (SOV) sources and sparse receiver spacing to produce three-dimensional (3D) seismic images with reduced field footprint and cost. Complementary CSEM surveys employ charged well casings, steel electrode arrays, and near-surface receivers to characterize fluid movement and conductivity changes. Streaming potential (SP) measurements provide near-real-time signals correlated with injection rate, reservoir pressure, and fluid connectivity. Additionally, automated, integrated, modular (AIM) monitoring networks continuously capture air, soil gas, groundwater, and deep subsurface data for multienvironmental assessment.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Recent field deployments have demonstrated that sparse acquisition seismic imaging and low-impact EM methods can capture key reservoir dynamics with comparable resolution to traditional techniques. Time-lapse SP and CSEM responses have shown sensitivity to injection and flow variations, validating their potential as operational monitoring tools. Integration of automated data acquisition and visualization workflows has enhanced efficiency and interpretability across multiple monitoring domains.Significance\/Novelty: This work illustrates a practical transition toward lower-cost, minimally invasive, and automated CCUS monitoring systems. The demonstrated combination of seismic, EM, and SP methods\u2014supported by scalable automation and data integration\u2014represents a significant advancement in continuous, adaptive subsurface surveillance. These innovations accelerate regulatory acceptance, reduce project uncertainty, and support the safe expansion of commercial-scale carbon storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 5: Site Screening Methods and New Tools<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVictor Parra, Ariel Bennett\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">AI Infrastructure and CO2 Storage: Managing Geologic Risks for Low-Carbon Solutions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Taleb*, A. Feigenbaum and A. Prifti\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Black and Veatch)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The rapid expansion of datacenters and hyperscaler operations has created unprecedented demand for low carbon, dispatchable power. In response, various types of clients in the industry are exploring Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a pathway to meeting the low-carbon power demand for these future operations. This abstract outlines a geologically focused approach to site screening and characterization for CO2 sequestration, tailored to support developers and utility companies evaluating subsurface CO2 storage near their proposed operational assets.Methods, Procedures, Process: Site screening begins with gathering publicly available geologic and infrastructure data, including reservoir and confining unit characteristics (e.g., depth, thickness, rock properties, rock-fluid interactions, structural boundaries). A matrix-based evaluation system is used to score injection zone and confining unit potential, risks factors such as induced seismicity, leakage pathways, proximity to drinking water sources, and land use. Dynamic storage capacities are estimated using analytical simulation tools that model injection scenarios based on reservoir characteristics. Results are used to compare site feasibility across multiple locations and inform on any early-stage geologic risks.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Site-specific evaluations across multiple regions show considerable variation in CO2 storage feasibility, even among nearby locations. Differences in reservoir quality, faulting, legacy well data, and surface constraints such as land use and infrastructure access significantly influence project viability. Early-stage screening that integrates geologic, environmental, and operational data along with project desired locations help identify areas with favorable injectivity and storage potential while outlining risks that could impact project budget, permitting, or long-term monitoring requirements.Significance\/Novelty: This framework provides a structured approach for any industry wishing to evaluate CO2 storage feasibility and conduct early-stage risk analyses. By simplifying complex geologic and operational data into quantifiable metrics through matrix-based evaluation, it performs comparative site selection and supports data-driven decisions during initial screening. This method supports prioritization of locations with favorable surface and subsurface characteristics, lower associated risks and provides the basis for assessing the overall project viability.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Evaluating The Tonkawa Sandstone As a CO2 Storage Reservoir in Oklahoma: Geological Insights and Site Characterization<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Sapardina*, F. Suriamin and N. Hayman\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Oklahoma Geological Survey)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Oklahoma Geological Survey (OGS) has developed a comprehensive catalog assessing CO2 storage potential, based on a database that encompasses over 550,000 wells, stratigraphic data for approximately 145,000 of them, oil and gas field maps, and other relevant literature. This catalog indicates that the state has an abundance of depleted oil and gas reservoirs characterized by high-porosity geological formations interlayered with impermeable shales, extending to depths suitable for supercritical CO2 injection, below the approximately 2,650-foot target.Methods, Procedures, Process: The Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) Tonkawa Sandstone is one of the oil and gas producing reservoirs in the Anadarko Basin. The Tonkawa sandstone of the Mocane\u2013Laverne gas field in Beaver and Harper counties was selected as primary option for site characterization. The Tonkawa sandstones in this area have an average porosity of 18% and an average permeability of 180 mD, with depths ranging from 3,000 to 4,000 ft. The initial calculation, based on an area of 181,760 acres and 15 feet of net pay sand, results in an NPV of 21,377,157,120 ft3. The study extends Tonkawa Sandstone interpretation into Woodward, Ellis, and Roger Mills counties, identifying new potential CO2 storage sites. Subsurface mapping incorporates data from over 2,000 wells and 1,200 well logs, complemented by analysis of 30 Tonkawa cores from the OPIC warehouse in Norman to evaluate depositional environments and reservoir properties.Results, Observations, Conclusions: A 3D static model based on Petrophysical Rock Typing (HFU) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was constructed to estimate CO2 storage capacity. The results indicate that the Tonkawa Sandstones were deposited in a prograding deltaic environment across the regions of Beaver, Harper, Woodward, Ellis, and Roger Mills counties. The petrophysical analysis of porosity and permeability measurements from 16 cores shows lower average values compared to the published data, with the best facies showing an average porosity of 11%.Significance\/Novelty: This DOE-funded research, led by the Oklahoma Geological Survey, evaluates Oklahoma\u2019s subsurface potential for long-term CO2 storage through detailed geological, petrophysical, and geomechanical analysis. The results enhance understanding of key reservoirs while providing essential data to guide future carbon storage and energy transition efforts in the state.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Breaking the Depth Barrier: Exploring CO2 Storage Potential in Ultra-Deep Evaporites of the Campos Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. Barili da Cunha*<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Cardoso<sup>1<\/sup>, L. Genro<sup>1<\/sup>, E. Guzman<sup>1<\/sup>, G. Haddad<sup>1<\/sup>, A. Rodrigues<sup>2<\/sup>, C. Lovato Melo<sup>1<\/sup> and R. Iglesias<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. PUCRS; 2. UFRGS)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The growing demand for geological carbon capture and storage (CCS) has intensified following major hydrocarbon discoveries, motivating the search for suitable subsurface CO2 reservoirs. Salt caverns are globally recognized as highly effective storage sites due to their extremely low permeability, viscoelastic behavior, and self-healing properties, ensuring long-term containment. Benchmark studies highlight the potential of evaporite layers as secure geological repositories for CO2. In Brazil, initial research has addressed natural gas storage within the evaporitic sequences of the Ariri Formation in the Santos Basin. However, the evaporites of the Retiro Formation in the Campos Basin remain largely unexplored. This study aims to assess the feasibility of CO2 storage in these salt structures by focusing on mapping ultra-deep salt canopies, evaluating salt and cap-rock integrity, characterizing the geological and structural framework, and developing a preliminary risk assessment and mitigation plan through coupled geomechanical, hydrogeological, geochemical, and thermal modeling to delineate potential injection sites.Methods, Procedures, Process: The study area, located near the edge of the Pre-Salt polygon in the Campos Basin, lies in ultra-deep waters. The methodology integrates 2D\/3D seismic interpretation, structural and morphological mapping of salt features, and the evaluation of lithological and petrophysical data from exploratory wells.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Preliminary seismic screening confirms the presence of thick salt walls and domes within the \u201csalt province\u201d, suggesting favorable structural configurations for containment. These initial results highlight key areas for more detailed investigation, supporting risk assessment and mitigation strategies for CO2 injection operations.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides the first regional-scale assessment of Salt Cavern Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS) potential in the ultra-deep evaporites of the Campos Basin, integrating multidisciplinary data to reveal new perspectives on Brazil\u2019s emerging frontier for geological carbon storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Subsurface Risk Assessment Workflow for CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifer Site Screening: Case Study from the New York Appalachian Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP. Brennan and K. Gunderson*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Projeo Corporation)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Consistent site screening workflows for CO2 storage in saline aquifers is necessary to optimize site selection for subsurface storage complexes. These workflows need to be flexible to accommodate varying data availability and scalable to enable comparison of multiple potential storage sites across a project portfolio. For early-stage projects, a typical screening workflow should incorporate both volumetric modeling and a subsurface risk assessment, mirroring the established volumetric risk assessment workflows that are used in conventional petroleum exploration. Here we present a flexible, scalable subsurface risk assessment workflow that is used for early-stage site screening of subsurface CO2 storage in saline aquifers. An example case study is presented of the workflow and risk assessment applied to a potential storage site in upstate New York\u2019s Appalachian Basin.Methods, Procedures, Process: Subsurface risk is assessed across three primary categories: reservoir, confinement, and injectivity, each subdivided into specific risk elements. The reservoir category risk elements include reservoir presence and reservoir quality; confinement includes seal presence, seal quality, faulting and fracturing, and geometry; injectivity includes injection capacity, pressure limitation, and induced seismicity. In the workflow, each risk element is reviewed and scored from 0-1.0 with higher numbers representing higher relative risk. To facilitate efficient communication and comparison, the individual risk element scores are visualized on a spider plot, providing a clear representation of overall project subsurface risk profiles and enabling rapid comparison across multiple CCUS project sites.Results, Observations, Conclusions: We present a case study for a prospective CO2 storage site in the Appalachian Basin targeting the Potsdam Formation, a Cambro-Ordovician carbonate reservoir that has been studied previously as a potential carbon storage unit. In this example, reservoir quality and pressure limitation were identified as critical risks, with scores of 0.6 &amp; 0.7 respectively.Significance\/Novelty: This workflow provides a consistent, transparent approach to early-stage C02 storage site screening, supporting structured prioritization and decision-making across diverse project portfolios.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4431053.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 1: CO\u2082 Capture Technologies<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFabio Bordeaux Rego, Katerina Yared\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Progress towards a Scalable, Low-Cost Direct Air Capture Technology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Cyffka*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(AirMyne, Inc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Enhancing DAC Efficiency through Early Collaboration with Water Utilities and an Integrated Automation Approach<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Yegnaraman*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Carollo Engineers)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Direct Air Capture (DAC) facilities depend heavily on water systems for cooling, humidification, and process operations. Yet, water integration and permitting considerations are often addressed late in project development, creating schedule and coordination challenges. Similarly, automation, also referred to as instrumentation and control (I&amp;C), is typically managed as an isolated scope rather than a unifying system connecting the DAC process with Balance of Plant (BOP) systems such as water and air utilities. This abstract explores two complementary strategies to improve efficiency: (1) establishing early collaboration between DAC developers and water utilities, and (2) applying an integrated automation approach coordinated with emerging global standards.Methods, Procedures, Process: A structured framework would promote early engagement between DAC developers and water utilities to identify sustainable water sources, evaluate non-potable reuse opportunities, and develop permitting pathways in parallel with DAC facility planning. This proactive coalition would enable simultaneous design of water systems, reducing late-stage modifications. In parallel, an automation architecture using standardized I&amp;C principles would result in efficient integration of process, water, and air systems. Conformance with the upcoming global ISA112 SCADA Systems standard would help ensure consistent control interfaces, data structures, and lifecycle support strategies.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Preliminary evaluation suggests that early collaboration with water utilities could secure more sustainable water sources and streamline project schedules through concurrent design and permitting. An integrated automation approach would further enhance system interoperability, reduce commissioning complexity, and improve operational reliability across all plant utilities. Together, these concepts illustrate a pathway toward achieving higher efficiency, reduced risk, and improved sustainability in future large-scale DAC deployments.Significance\/Novelty: Combining early water utility engagement with standardized automation practices represents a novel interdisciplinary approach linking the water and carbon removal sectors. By emphasizing early collaboration and unified control system integration, DAC and CCUS developers can achieve significant efficiency and sustainability benefits. This framework offers practical guidance for advancing next-generation DAC projects through closer alignment between water engineering expertise and an integrated automation approach.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CO2 Capture Technology \u2013 Overview and Learnings<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE. Covington*, R. Finnan and M. Sweeney\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Pelican Energy Consultants)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This presentation provides an overview of current CO2 capture technologies and the key learnings derived from recent project applications across multiple industrial sectors. The objective is to evaluate the technical maturity, performance, and economic considerations of high-purity and low-purity CO2 capture processes while identifying practical design and operational insights for cost-effective deployment.Methods, Procedures, Process: CO2 sources are categorized by purity level, and capture options are assessed according to technology readiness, efficiency, and application fit. For high-purity streams (\u226590% CO2), conventional dehydration, compression, and liquefaction to supercritical conditions are examined. For low-purity sources (3\u201345% CO2), amine-based solvent systems, cryogenic separation, membrane modules, and solid adsorbent processes are compared based on technology readiness levels (TRL 5\u20139), energy demand, and levelized cost. Operational and safety considerations\u2014including dispersion modeling, corrosion control, and CO2 blowdown management\u2014are incorporated from industry experience.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Amine solvent systems remain the most commercially advanced and flexible option for varying source concentrations and scales. Cryogenic processes can be economically competitive where electricity costs are favorable, while membranes and solid adsorbents continue to advance through pilot and small-scale demonstrations. Key learnings highlight the importance of accurate stack testing to define pretreatment requirements, optimization for large CO2 volumes, and integration opportunities such as onsite sequestration or proximity to existing pipeline infrastructure to improve project economics.Significance\/Novelty: This study synthesizes recent findings across diverse CO2 capture applications and operating conditions to provide practical guidance for reducing capture costs and improving process reliability. The insights support the broader development of decarbonization pathways by clarifying technology performance boundaries, identifying integration strategies, and highlighting critical considerations for safe and efficient CO2 management.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">The Importance of Fuel Specific Pilot Scale Combustion Testing to Understand Impacts on Point Source Carbon Capture System Performance<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT. Snyder*, J. Hamling and J. Stanislowski\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(EERC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon life cycle analyses of coal combustion plants have shown that net-negative greenhouse gas emissions are possible with biomass fuel blends of at least 36% coupled with 90% carbon capture (CC). The goal of the project was to establish pilot scale performance metrics for a solvent-based post combustion CC system with coal- and biomass-derived flue gas. Objectives were to generate flue gas from the combustion of a variety of coal and biomass mixtures, scrub the flue gas with pollution control devices, and evaluate CC performance with build-up of fuel specific contaminants in the solvent.Methods, Procedures, Process: The EERC tested 16 coal-biomass blends to generate flue gas, which was scrubbed and treated in a carbon capture system using a solvent that removed 95% of CO2. Fuels included subbituminous, lignite, and bituminous coal mixed with wood pellets and corn stover. Each week-long test was followed by system cleaning and solvent replacement. Data collected included flue gas and ash composition, CO2 capture rates, and solvent analysis for 28 constituents linked to ash contamination, degradation, and salt formation.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Flue gas was successfully generated from the combustion of multiple blends of coal and biomass, and CO2 was captured at high rates. Lignite coal blends and 100% corn stover presented the highest challenge to combustor operation due to low BTU value of the fuels and high ash content. The potential for plugging of the test system was high, and maintenance periods were longer than anticipated. Sulfate, chloride, and potassium contaminant build-up in the solvent was significant. These species form heat stable salts, catalyze degradation reactions, and destabilize solvent chemistry. CC efficiency was reduced on some test runs with the highest biomass feed rates.Significance\/Novelty: Coal fuels blended with biomass were a significant departure for equipment designed to primarily combust coal, which presented unanticipated processing challenges. The concentrations of contaminant species that built up in the CC solvent were also surprising as it was likely that constituents in the different fuel feed mixtures were unexpectedly interacting. The results demonstrate the importance of fuel-specific and condition-specific testing and provide critical insights as to how impurities can significantly impact CC system performance, which can inform optimized design and operations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-tab-content\" id=\"day-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Keynote\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #667eea;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Keynote Presentation<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM &#8211; 9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Keynote\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Progress with Pragmatism: Operationalizing Sustainability Goals<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Anderson Book*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Baker Hughes)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 10 Posters: Operational Results<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning for Prediction and Data Assimilation in the Quest CCS Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Cornelio* and B. Jafarpour\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Southern California)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents a spatio-temporal deep learning framework for history matching and forecasting CO2 injection dynamics in the field-scale Quest Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in Alberta, Canada. The neural network is trained to emulate reservoir simulations and predict the evolution of plume migration, pressure buildup, and well responses. The model is integrated into a data assimilation workflow to calibrate geological models using field observations and assess prediction robustness under uncertain geological conditions.Methods, Procedures, Process: A recurrent U-Net architecture is developed to capture spatio-temporal dependencies in reservoir states derived from multiphase flow simulations. The training data spans multiple geological realizations with variable facies, porosity, and permeability fields. Model performance is validated on unseen scenarios to evaluate both interpolation and extrapolation accuracy. The trained proxy is then embedded in an ensemble smoother\u2013based history matching framework that assimilates field data from 2015\u20132022. A spatial localization strategy constrains updates to regions influenced by monitoring data, ensuring physically consistent parameter updates and reducing overfitting. Performance is benchmarked against full-physics simulations to assess accuracy and computational gain.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The spatio-temporal neural network accurately predicts CO2 plume migration and pressure buildup patterns across diverse geological settings. Compared with the physics-based simulator, the proxy achieves several orders of magnitude faster predictions with minimal accuracy loss. In interpolation tests, plume and pressure predictions closely match reference simulations, while extrapolation tests demonstrate robust generalization across unseen facies patterns. When incorporated into a data assimilation framework, the neural network surrogate effectively assimilates field observations and reconstructs reservoir behavior consistent with measured plume extent and pressure response. The workflow offers a scalable approach for real-time monitoring and scenario analysis in industrial-scale CCS operations.Significance\/Novelty: This work demonstrates, for the first time, a field-scale integration of a deep learning\u2013based spatio-temporal surrogate with data assimilation for CO2 storage management. The proposed approach enables rapid, physics-consistent reservoir updates and provides a foundation for real-time monitoring, risk assessment, and optimization of CCS projects under geological uncertainty.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4440048.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 7 Posters: Subsurface Modelling<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Optimized Numerical Modeling of Boundary Conditions for Geological CO2 Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. Ramadhan and S. A. Hosseini*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(The University of Texas at Austin)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study develops and validates a gradual adjustment method for boundary conditions in geological CO2 storage models to address pore volume misrepresentation and AoR overestimation in conventional approaches. By conserving formation pore volume and applying smooth transmissibility transitions, the method improves accuracy, enhances computational efficiency, and supports Class VI permitting. Its effectiveness is demonstrated across homogeneous, heterogeneous, and full-scale reservoirs, including a Gulf Coast Miocene case, showing gains in AoR prediction, runtime reduction, and regulatory compliance. Ultimately lowering project costs and supporting CCS project planning.Methods, Procedures, Process: The gradual adjustment method preserves pore volume and applies smooth transmissibility transitions to avoid pressure distortion. It was validated in homogeneous, heterogeneous, and full-scale Gulf Coast Miocene reservoir models, with benchmarks against full-domain simulations. The method demonstrated accurate AoR prediction, reduced overestimation, and runtime improvements exceeding 94%, confirming both efficiency and regulatory relevance for Class VI permitting.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In homogeneous reservoirs, the method reproduced AoR while cutting runtimes by more than 94% and achieving up to an eighteen-fold speedup. In heterogeneous systems, it reduced AoR overestimation without sacrificing efficiency, and in the Gulf Coast Miocene case, it lowered AoR by 21% at a 100-psi threshold. These results confirm that the method avoids pressure distortion, reduces regulatory review areas, lowers costs, and provides a robust tool for CCS modeling and operations.Significance\/Novelty: The gradual adjustment method offers a novel and practical improvement for boundary condition treatment in geological CO2 storage models. By conserving pore volume and smoothing transmissibility, it achieves accurate AoR predictions with major runtime reductions in homogeneous systems and efficiency gains in complex reservoirs. Its ability to reduce AoR overestimation, regulatory review areas, and project costs while supporting Class VI permitting makes it a significant advancement for CCS deployment.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Integrated Surface-Subsurface Simulations of CO2 Storage: The Impact of Impurity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Bakhshian*, K. Tytler and A. MAZLAN\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(RICE UNIVERSITY)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The conventional engineering standards for CO2 transport and injection focus on minimizing impurities; however, overlooks the possibility that low concentrations of light gases such as CH4 and N2 may improve system performance. The interactions between impurity concentrations, thermodynamic properties (such as density and viscosity), and operational metrics (such as pressure drop and compressor duty), are not well-defined under realistic P\u2013T conditions. This gap hinders the optimization of capture and purification processes, potentially leading to excessive costs and suboptimal performance. This research aims to reassess and quantify the impact of incremental concentration of impurities (e.g., CH4, N2, O2, etc.) on thermophysical properties of CO2 across relevant pipeline and reservoir conditions.Methods, Procedures, Process: CMG CoFlow was used as the main simulator as it effectively enables the investigation of how impurities in the fluid stream influence injection rates, corrosion rates, and phase behavior within CCS facilities. The initial fluid model assumes a pure CO2 composition (mole fraction = 1). These composition parameters were then modified to represent a mixed composition such as 95% CO2, 3% CH4, and 2% N2, to examine the impact. The CCS facility created for this investigation is composed of two compressors and five sources with varying temperatures, and defined by establishing time-varying constraints such as ambient temperature and heat transfer models, grid properties, including wells and tubing.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The results demonstrate that impurity concentrations in CO2 can enhance flow and compressibility characteristics by reducing CO2 density and viscosity. Consequently, this can lower frictional pressure drops and ease start-up or restart operations in CO2 transport lines. The small amounts of lighter gases are observed to shift the phase envelope, one conclusion being that the critical point of the pure CO2 source occurs at a high temperature, that of the 95% CO2, helping to maintain a single supercritical phase over a wider temperature range.Significance\/Novelty: Succinctly, quantifying the benefits of controlled impurities can lead to cost-effective relaxation of capture and purification requirements, lower lifecycle energy and operating costs, and improved flow assurance for CCUS projects, offering economic and decarbonization advantages for the industry and community.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Implications of Permeability Reduction from Fines Migration and Injectivity Loss during CO2 Injection: 2D CFD-DEM Study<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Dash*, F. Gong, S. Bakhshian and J. Morgan\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Rice University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Fines migration, where small particles detach, migrate, and redeposit in porous media, significantly impacts injectivity during CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Although lab experiments have explained certain aspects of fines mobilization, they remain limited by scale, imaging constraints, and the inability to fully capture two-phase interactions between brine and CO2 along with fine particles. This study develops a coupled 2D Computational Fluid Dynamics\u2013Discrete Element Method (CFD\u2013DEM) framework to investigate migration mechanisms under two-phase flow, bridging pore-scale observations with reservoir-scale implications.Methods, Procedures, Process: The model couples brine\u2013CO2 two-phase flow (solved with CFD) and particle mechanics (solved with DEM), accounting for hydrodynamic drag, capillary forces, buoyancy contrasts, and particle\u2013particle collisions. High-resolution pore geometries are reconstructed from binary porous geometry images, and parametric studies explore the effects of fines concentration, and injection velocity on fines detachment, transport, and deposition. The simulations also quantify how pore clogging impacts the permeability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The DEM simulations reproduce grain-scale mechanical behavior during fines detachment and transport. Results indicate that particle rearrangement and localized contact stress concentrations govern the onset of clogging, with fines preferentially aggregating at pore throats. The CFD simulations resolve two-phase brine-CO2 flow within the pore geometry, providing the hydrodynamic framework for fines migration. Flow field analyses reveal that CO2 saturation redistributes local velocity and pressure gradients, enhancing shear at phase interfaces where fines are most likely to be mobilized. Together, these CFD and DEM models provide insights for coupled two-phase simulations to directly assess fluid-particle interactions and their impact on injectivity during CO2 subsurface storage.Significance\/Novelty: This work will present the first two-phase CFD\u2013DEM coupling applied to fines migration during CO2 injection. The framework captures the simultaneous evolution of multiphase flow and particle dynamics, offering a physically-grounded tool to predict injectivity decline beyond the reach of single-phase or empirical models. By explicitly resolving brine - CO2 - particle interactions, the study advances our understanding of multiphase clogging phenomena critical for the design and management of secure and efficient carbon storage systems.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Experimental Study of the Geochemical and Mineralogical Changes in the Woodford Caprock Exposed to Carbon Dioxide Saturated Brine<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK. Boateng*<sup>1<\/sup>, H. Rahnema<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Ampomah<sup>2<\/sup>, A. Ayensigna<sup>1<\/sup>, E. Agyei<sup>1<\/sup> and G. Akpabli<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; 2. Petroleum Recovery Research Center)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the geochemical reactivity and mineral alteration of the Woodford caprock when exposed to CO2 brine under simulated reservoir conditions. The focus is to understand how mineral dissolution, precipitation, and fluid\u2013rock interactions affect caprock integrity and sealing efficiency during long-term CO2 storage. The scope of the work includes experimental, and imaging analyses performed on crushed samples to assess mineralogical changes, fracture evolution and structural stability relevant to CO2 sequestration.Methods, Procedures, Process: The workflow begins with preparation of crushed, sieved (106\u2013150 \u00b5m) and oven-dried caprock. Sample was then reacted with synthetic brine formulated to match in-situ formation water chemistry (Na+,Ca2+, Mg2+,K+,Cl-,SO42-).The prepared samples were placed in sealed high-pressure reactors and exposed to CO2 brine at 2000 psi (138 bar) and 138\u00b0C for a duration of 3 months to simulate reservoir conditions.Pre and Post-reaction analyses involved Thin Sections, XRD and SEM with EDS to characterize mineralogical changes, secondary phase development and microstructural evolution resulting from CO2 brine interaction.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Observations indicate pronounced mineralogical reorganization driven by coupled dissolution precipitation. XRD shows complete muscovite dissolution, K-feldspar precipitation, quartz enrichment, stable dolomite, and minor pyrite formation. SEM\u2013EDS confirms muscovite dissolution, localized micro-porosity, and secondary feldspar, clay, and carbonate infill, with only minor microfracture widening. ICP-OES reveals changes in K+, Ca2+, and dissolved silica, consistent with silicate weathering and carbonate buffering. Overall, early dissolution increased local connectivity, while secondary precipitation promoted self-sealing and preserved caprock integrity.Significance\/Novelty: This study experimentally evaluates Woodford Caprock under CO2-rich conditions using integrated petrographic, mineralogical, and microtextural analyses to assess geochemical alteration.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4430933.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Identifying Channelized Aquifer Architecture for CO2 Geological Storage Using Geostatistics and Deep Generative Models<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. Moeini* and M. Soltanian\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Cincinnati)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate representation of channelized fluvial architecture is critical for reliable prediction of CO2 plume migration in geological storage operations. Traditional geostatistical inversion methods often yield highly uncertain facies architecture due to sparse subsurface data, while deep learning approaches require extensive training samples that are rarely available in practice. This study develops a two-stage framework combining geostatistical modeling with deep generative models to identify channelized aquifer structures. The framework addresses a key limitation: generating its own training dataset from geostatistical realizations, eliminating the need for pre-existing training images while enabling uncertainty reduction through dynamic data assimilation when monitoring data becomes available.Methods, Procedures, Process: Stage 1 applies ensemble-based data assimilation to estimate geostatistical parameters representing channel geometry and connectivity. Multiple realizations generated with the calibrated parameters train an adversarial autoencoder that learns a low-dimensional latent representation of channel networks. Stage 2 updates these latent variables through ensemble-based data assimilation conditioned to observed pressure and CO2 saturation, refining channel architecture. A deep learning surrogate trained on multiphase flow simulations provides rapid flow predictions to accelerate the inversion.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Demonstrated on a synthetic fluvial aquifer with CO2 injection, the two-stage approach captures preferential flow pathways and further reduces posterior uncertainty compared to geostatistical inversion alone. The adversarial autoencoder learns geological patterns from self-generated samples. The surrogate provides accurate predictions with orders-of-magnitude speedup versus full physics simulations. The framework is being validated on Cranfield CO2 sequestration site data incorporating well logs, seismic, and observed pressure, saturation, and tracer measurements.Significance\/Novelty: This framework addresses training data scarcity by self-generating samples from geostatistical realizations, making the approach practical for real sites lacking training images. The two-stage method achieves greater uncertainty reduction than conventional geostatistical inversion, enabling more reliable CO2 plume predictions in channelized systems. Integration with deep learning surrogates provides computationally efficient field-scale uncertainty quantification for improved risk assessment and storage security.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Limitations of Pressure-Based AoR Delineation Techniques under Pre-Injection Hydrostatic Equilibrium Conditions between Storage Zone and USDW<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Zulqarnain*, M. Valluri, A. Duguid and M. Godec\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Boundary conditions critically influence pressure buildup and the delineation of the Area of Review (AoR) in CO2 injection projects. A single value of threshold pressure required to lift injection zone brine from injection zones into lowermost underground source for drinking water (USDW) is used. Characterizing this threshold pressure is critical to planning for adequate testing and monitoring of the geologic sequestration site (GCS). Current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance on calculating this threshold pressure (Method 2) is Just based on hydrostatic balance, which could be too restrictive for open-boundary systems where usage of the threshold for just sustained flow will not result in meaning leakage volume over the project\u2019s life frame. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed for open-boundary zones.Methods, Procedures, Process: A 3D field-scale reservoir model was built to represent an open-boundary system. Several scenarios were simulated using a hypothetical partially plugged wellbore connecting the injection zone to the lowermost USDW. The leaky wellbore was modeled as an equivalent porous medium with alternating cemented and open-hole sections typical of legacy abandoned wells. Average wellbore permeability was estimated using the resistor-in-series method. Pressure propagation and CO2 induced brine leakage were analyzed to evaluate current pressure-based AoR methods. Brine flux at the wellbore\u2013USDW interface was monitored, and a no\u2013net degradation limit for USDW quality was applied to estimate the impacted area.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulation results show that brine leakage into the USDW remains negligible even at pressures far exceeding the Method 2 threshold. This indicates that Method 2 assumptions can produce overly conservative AoR boundaries for open systems. Such inflated AoR estimates may divert attention from key leakage pathways and impose excessive monitoring demands, potentially affecting GCS project feasibility. A reservoir simulation\u2013based framework proposed here provides a more physics-driven method that explicitly quantifies potential fluid leakage from the storage zone into the USDW.Significance\/Novelty: This study highlights the limitations of current EPA guidance for open-boundary systems and the inaccuracy of applying a single hydrostatic threshold to define AoR. The findings emphasize the need for site-specific, modeling-based approaches that better represent subsurface flow dynamics and balance regulatory conservatism with practical feasibility in CO2 storage projects.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Optimizing Long-Term Geological Carbon Storage Stability via Deep Learning-Assisted Particle Swarm Optimization<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. Ren, O. Akinyede* and S. Misra\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study optimizes CO2 injection strategies for geological carbon storage by integrating deep-learning surrogates with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enhance long-term stable trapping in the form of residual and solubility-trapped CO2. By moving beyond constant-rate injection assumptions, the workflow designs time-varying injection schedules with variable rates and intermittent shut-ins to better reflect realistic field operations and promote long-term storage stability.Methods, Procedures, Process: A trained long short-term memory (LSTM) sequence-to-sequence surrogate model is employed, using nine geological properties and dynamically varying injection profiles as inputs. PSO with 4,000 particles is coupled to the surrogate to efficiently explore high-dimensional control spaces under operational constraints. The objective function combines residual and solubility trapping metrics with penalty\u2013reward terms to discourage trivial under-injection while maintaining feasibility and near-maximum allowable injection volumes.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The optimized injection strategies yield combined residual and solubility trapping fractions of up to 50% under favorable geological conditions, with improvements exceeding 15% relative to non-optimized dynamic injection schedules over a 30-year injection period. Thousands of candidate injection schedules are evaluated within minutes, with PSO consistently converging within ten iterations, demonstrating computational tractability and robustness for large-scale storage design.Significance\/Novelty: This work presents a surrogate-based optimization framework that couples a sequence-to-sequence deep-learning model with Particle Swarm Optimization to design dynamic CO2 injection schedules for geological carbon storage. By embedding a fast surrogate within the optimization loop, the approach enables systematic exploration of time-varying injection controls that would be impractical using full-physics simulation alone. The framework establishes a scalable foundation for future extensions to multi-geology studies, uncertainty-aware optimization, and adaptive injection control in saline-aquifer storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443708.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Mechanistic Insights into Capillary Heterogeneity and its Role in CO2 Plume Confinement in Saline Aquifers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE. Ofosu and A. Khanal*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Tulsa)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study aims to quantify how geological heterogeneity and facies-specific capillary pressure variations govern local capillary trapping (LCT) and CO2 migration behavior in saline aquifers. The objective is to establish a mechanistic understanding of how parameters such as net-to-gross (NTG) ratio, correlation length, permeability anisotropy, and capillary entry pressures in interbedded sand-shale sequences affect the balance between static and dynamic trapping mechanisms. The study focuses on linking capillary-scale physics to reservoir-scale containment efficiency to improve predictive models for long-term CO2 storage security.Methods, Procedures, Process: A three-dimensional compositional reservoir simulation framework was developed to model CO2 injection and post-injection migration over 200 years. The base model represents a heterogeneous saline aquifer consisting of alternating sand and shale facies. Heterogeneous capillary pressure was assigned to each grid block using the Leverett J-function. Sensitivity analyses were performed for NTG (0.4\u20130.7), correlation length (10-500 ft), kv\/kh (0.1-0.5), and sand\/shale capillary entry pressures (1.9\u20135 psi and 1000\u20133000 psi, respectively). Model outputs included the spatial and temporal evolution of locally trapped, dissolved, and residually trapped CO2 phases, along with plume aspect ratio and center-of-mass (CM\/H) metrics to assess vertical confinement.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Accounting for heterogeneous capillary pressure increased LCT by more than fourfold compared to homogeneous models. Lower NTG ratios and longer correlation lengths enhanced LCT through increased shale continuity and lateral confinement, while higher NTG improved injectivity but favored vertical plume growth. Sand and shale capillary entry pressures exhibited opposite effects\\, higher sand Pe enhanced trapping, whereas higher shale Pe reduced it. Lower kv\/kh ratios promoted stronger plume confinement. Overall, cases with enhanced LCT displayed lower dissolution and hysteresis trapping, indicating a trade-off between static and dynamic trapping mechanisms.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides the first systematic, three-dimensional quantification of how facies-scale heterogeneity and capillary pressure contrasts control local capillary trapping in saline aquifers. By bridging pore-scale capillary physics and reservoir-scale heterogeneity, the study delivers new insights that can improve CO2 storage modeling, guide site characterization, and optimize injection strategies for secure long-term carbon storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443774.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 9 Posters: Testing and Monitoring<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Enhancing Injection Capacity Forecasting for Carbon Removal through End-of-Life Organic Waste Management: Insights from a Case Study<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tz. zhai*<sup>1<\/sup>, Y. Panchal<sup>1<\/sup>, A. Ovalle<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Cross<sup>1<\/sup>, E. Tillero<sup>1<\/sup>, I. Mohamed<sup>2<\/sup> and o. sameh<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. vaulted deep; 2. Advantek Waste Management Services LLC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate forecasting of subsurface injection capacity is essential for the economic and regulatory success of long-term waste disposal and carbon storage projects. This paper presents a multi-year case history from the Terminal Island Renewable Energy (TIRE) project, a large-scale carbon removal initiative using end-of-life organic waste injection. Early simulation models adapted from conventional oil and gas workflows greatly underestimated formation injectivity due to assumptions calibrated for low-compressibility solid wastes such as drill cuttings and muds, which did not represent the behavior of a highly compressible biosolid slurryMethods, Procedures, Process: A comprehensive integration of historical monitoring data was conducted to reassess formation performance. Data sources included bottom-hole pressures, step-rate tests, and pressure falloff analyses. These revealed lower-than-expected pressure buildup, prompting a complete re-evaluation of geomechanical and flow models. History matching and laboratory testing showed biosolids are 10\u201350 times more compressible than sands, generating only 2\u201310% of the stress increase for equivalent injected volumes. Accounting for thermal stresses, non-Newtonian slurry rheology, and leak-off dynamics was essential to align model results with field behavior.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The revised model, implemented within a Monte Carlo probabilistic framework, resolved the prior underestimation of injectivity and produced a robust, site-specific injection-capacity forecast consistent with multi-year operational data. The enhanced model demonstrated that the reservoir system could sustain long-term injections at stable pressures, while maintaining confinement integrity. Potential risks, including fault reactivation and legacy well pathways were evaluated and found to be of low probability, effectively mitigated through conservative operating limits and continuous pressure surveillance.Significance\/Novelty: The TIRE project illustrates that traditional subsurface modeling approaches can fail when injectate properties are mischaracterized, especially in emerging carbon removal applications involving organic waste streams. Integrating real-time monitoring with iterative model refinement provides a powerful feedback loop to reduce uncertainty and optimize injection strategies. This adaptive \u201cmonitor\u2013model\u2013update\u201d workflow improves regulatory confidence, operational predictability, and scalability for accurate capacity forecasting in biosolid and other deep subsurface carbon storage projects.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Carbon-14 Biogenic Content Measurement for Quantifying CO2 Emissions and Removals (CCUS)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Ballasi and C. Ackley*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(SGS Beta)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Determining the precise biogenic content of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a significant challenge for professionals in emissions-intensive industries who need to quantify biogenic CO2 emissions for their decarbonisation efforts and to certify their emissions reductions and carbon removals. This presentation will discuss the carbon-14 testing methodology, the benefits of biogenic carbon analysis for hard-to-abate industries, and applicable regulations. In recent years, many industries have shifted from fossil materials in favor of biomass-derived alternatives as regulations are developed and enforced to transition to carbon-neutral energy sources. Carbon-14 analysis is an ideal third-party verification tool for validating the biogenic content of CO2 emissions due to its high accuracy and ability to detect the exact percentage of biomass-derived carbon in a given sample.Methods, Procedures, Process: Biogenic carbon content testing measures Carbon-14, an isotope present in all living organisms and recently expired biomass. Carbon-14 is lost over time via the process of radioactive decay. Therefore, petrochemical-derived material no longer has any carbon-14. The carbon-14 method is standardized and internationally recognised by the International Organization for Standardization and ASTM International (ASTM D6866). At SGS Beta, analysis is conducted with an Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) instrument analyzing samples that have been converted into a solid graphite form.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results are calculated to identify the fraction of biomass-derived versus fossil-fuel-derived carbon in CO2 and reported as a percentage of CO2 produced from renewable feedstocks. It allows an accurate accounting and monitoring of the biogenic portion of the carbon emitted, captured and stored to quantify carbon removal credits.Significance\/Novelty: Emissions-intensive industries (cement, Waste to Energy) are increasingly required to test their emissions to allocate carbon credits. Applicable regulatory programs that require D6866 biogenic testing include the United States Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), Canada\u2019s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), Alberta&#039;s Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER), Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) protocols (Verra, Carbon Direct), the US 45Q credit for CCS, and EU Regulation 2022\/996. Other programs are actively developing rules to track the biogenic content, including California&#039;s SB 905 CCS program and the UK and EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) to certify carbon removal credits.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Pressure Transient Analysis: Integrating Extended Falloff Data to Confirm Radial Composite Behavior in a Class VI CCUS Injection Well<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Klingensmith*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(GeostockSandia)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Building on prior work presented at the 2024 CCUS conference, which utilized injection data (rate and pressure) to characterize well and reservoir performance in an active Class VI (CCUS) site, this follow-up study incorporates newly acquired extended falloff data to refine well and reservoir insights. The primary objective is to validate and expand upon the initial findings by analyzing the combined dataset\u2014high-frequency injection rates and pressures alongside extended falloff responses\u2014to quantify changes in reservoir properties over time. This approach highlights an apparent increase in effective mobility near the wellbore, most likely attributable to rising supercritical CO2 (scCO2) saturation, which enhances fluid mobility and alters flow regimes.Methods, Procedures, Process: Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) of prolonged shut-in (falloff data) reveals radial composite behavior that was previously inferred from the analysis of injection data, which now extends over a two and a half year time-period.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Traditional PTA techniques are applied to derive updated parameters, including transmissibility, mobility, and skin, providing a more comprehensive view of conformance and effective plume extent. These refinements improve calibration of numerical reservoir models, which are critical for Class VI permitting and long-term monitoring.Significance\/Novelty: The study underscores the value of integrating extended falloff data with ongoing injection monitoring to enhance understanding of CO2 plume evolution, mitigate risks, and optimize CCUS operations for scalable, safe carbon storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Digital Solutions for Large Volume CO2 Characterization, Testing and Monitoring Data<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. B. Kozman*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Katalyst Data Management)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Digital solutions for managing large volumes of data are a key component of workflows to identify potential CO2 storage sites and to demonstrate conformance with testing and monitoring requirements. Interest in these data sets has grown with heightened awareness of the need for well curated datasets to train and validate AI and machine learning augmented real-time analytics. Emerging data driven require high-quality datasets to support important geotechnical decisions about hydraulic flow units and plume monitoring simulations.Methods, Procedures, Process: We evaluate the effectiveness of supplying site-specific subsurface metadata components for improving end user ability to find and access key data supporting business decisions related to confining zones, storage capacity, injectivity, and leakage pathway risk. Industry standards for data definitions, formats and schemas are adopted and adapted to be fit-for-purpose for subsurface screening methodologies already proven in mature oil and gas exploration and production business processes. Proven best practices for data management and curation are re-purposed and future proofed from other data driven, capital intensive, and highly regulated industries.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Using petabyte scale aggregated and anonymized data and metadata trends and behaviours, we observe reductions in data decision latency of up to 43% for embedded search and order workflows for key screening, testing and monitoring data types. The value case for these reductions is based on persistent usage of large volume continuous reservoir monitoring data over the decadal project lifecycle of a CO2 injection project. We also test use cases for AI and machine learning workflows to demonstrate more targeted and accurate agentic identification of data in response to natural language queries. We also evaluate statistical results showing common spatial and temporal biases of data sets that could lead to increased risk on industry standard AI risk management frameworks.Significance\/Novelty: Applying industry-accepted optimum practices for data management and curation is an important and often overlooked step in making subsurface screening and monitoring data available for interoperation and reuse in CO2 storage projects. We provide guidelines and assessment techniques for determining if existing data sets are fit-for-purpose for the demanding requirements of emerging AI and machine learning technologies.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4427990.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Statistical Methods for Verifying Conformance of Soil Gas Results in Carbon Storage Projects<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Hunt*, N. Azzolina and T. L. Richards\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of North Dakota)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon storage operations in the United States must follow an approved testing and monitoring plan to provide long-term assurance of secure geologic storage pursuant to Class VI regulations. Such monitoring programs may include plans for characterization and monitoring of soil gases around potential point-source emitters (e.g., project wells) as part of a broader strategy to assure that the injected CO2 does not reenter the atmosphere. This presentation describes statistical tools developed by the Energy &amp; Environmental Center (EERC) to improve process-based methods and prevent false positives when evaluating potential leakage events.Methods, Procedures, Process: The EERC reviewed soil gas data reported by commercial operators and collected through associated research monitoring overlays at active carbon storage sites in the United States. The EERC applied a process-based approach to visualize the results, categorizing the data by process, sample depth, and soil type. Statistical procedures were used to account for measurement error and generate prediction intervals, allowing for uncertainty quantification in the process-based approach to guide the development of a decision framework.Results, Observations, Conclusions: No signs of CO2 leakage were identified based on the analyses. The EERC evaluated the accuracy and precision of the analytical results using duplicate and field blank samples. From these data, upper prediction limits were derived and integrated with the process-based approach to visualize the statistical likelihood that anomalous measurements reflect a true leakage event and warrant further investigation. The upper prediction limits served as quantitative thresholds for developing a \u201ctraffic light\u201d decision framework, providing clear guidance on potential response actions based on the degree of deviation from expected background conditions.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides operators of carbon storage projects with statistical procedures to attribute CO2 sources more confidently and avoid potential false positives that can cost time and resources to investigate. The technical approach complements other source attribution methods, such as soil gas isotope analysis, and when combined with the traffic light system, serves as an additional decision framework that operators can adapt to as needed for real emergency and remedial response scenarios.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Illinois Basin \u2013 Decatur Project: Deep Fluid Monitoring Program<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Iranmanesh*, R. A. Locke and B. T. Wimmer\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Illinois)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Deep fluid monitoring (DFM) is essential to the success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects: determining fluid characteristics over time, providing insight to geochemical interactions between injected carbon dioxide (CO2), geological formations, and in situ fluids, and monitoring CO2 plume movement. DFM in the Illinois Basin \u2013 Decatur Project (IBDP), a near commercial-scale CCS project, verified reservoir integrity and wellbore condition, achieving safe, long-term CO2 storage in a deep saline formation. Over 999,000 tonnes of CO2 were injected into the Mt. Simon Sandstone (~7,200 ft total depth) in Decatur, IL, under Class I and VI UIC permit regulations.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study summarizes the inorganic constituents, gas, and isotopic composition of formation fluids collected from the injection reservoir and Ironton-Galesville Sandstone which overlies the primary confining unit, the Eau Claire Formation. A Westbay multilevel monitoring system was used to monitor 10 depths (zones) from a dedicated verification well (VW1), ~1,027 ft north of the injection well, between May 2011 and May 2017. VW1 included 8 zones in the Mt. Simon Sandstone (Zones 2\u20139) and 2 zones in the Ironton-Galesville Sandstone (Zones 10 and 11). Fluid samples were analyzed for 30 geochemical parameters.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results showed CO2 was detected at VW1 in Zone 3, 116 days after injection began. DFM results showed that CO2 stayed within the lower-most portion of Mt. Simon Sandstone reservoir, not migrating into the upper Mt. Simon Sandstone reservoir or reaching the Eau Claire Formation, the primary seal. In addition, the 6 years of monitoring verified effectiveness of proxy parameters (including bromide, chloride, total inorganic carbon, \u03b413C(DIC), density, and alkalinity) for tracking fluid movement.Significance\/Novelty: Long-term DFM at the IBDP site provides key insights to help design safer and enhanced monitoring programs for future commercial CCS projects. Key recommendations include: Before CO2 injection, acquire baseline groundwater conditions based on complete characterization and understanding of groundwater quality. Use a flexible monitoring program to modify methodologies\/analyte selection and deep monitoring wells as site conditions evolve to better understand CO2 movement. Single zone deep monitoring well is advisable to multizone wells. Having clear workflow and proactive data management systems is key for long-term projects as large amounts of data will be acquired.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CO2 Sequestration Enhancement: Injecting Micronized Magnesium Rich Silicates with Supercritical CO2 into Saline Aquifers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Saadat* and M. Mokhtari\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Louisiana Lafayette)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The tendency of magnesium-rich silicates to react with CO2 offers a durable solution for CO2 removal, mainly when injected into deep saline aquifers. The main goal of this research is to evaluate a hybrid strategy in which micronized peridotite\/dunite (1\u2013100 \u03bcm) is pre mixed with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) prior to injection to mitigate plume migration and pressure buildup. Peridotite and dunite are ultramafic rocks primarily composed of magnesium silicate mineral olivine, which is highly reactive with CO2. The presence of extensive Mg rich silicates near injection sites may help control gas pressure and improve the overall efficiency of the carbonation process. Scope includes laboratory tests, reactive transport modeling, and design criteria for field deployment.Methods, Procedures, Process: Beyond literature review, this study examines the reactivity of selected samples under varying grain sizes, injectivity and pressure transients, key carbonation metrics (including dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, Mg\/Si release, and solid carbonate formation), and changes in permeability\/porosity. The Mg rich silicates were crushed and milled to produce micronized powders with particle size distributions ranging different size. Prior to injection, rock powders were pre-mixed with scCO2 using a high pressure mixing vessel at conditions matching reservoir depth. Reactive transport simulations upscale laboratory kinetics to reservoir conditions to screen solid to CO2 ratios and particle size\/reactivity tradeoffs, constrained by operational injectivity and pressure management limits.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Experiments show that adding 1\u2013100 \u03bcm Mg silicate particles to scCO2 sustains injectivity while promoting rapid carbonate formation and buffering pH; permeability reductions are bounded when solids loading is optimized. Modeling indicates feasible windows of solid to CO2 mass ratio that maximize mineralization within the swept volume and reduce plume extent and peak pressure. The combined datasets yield quantitative relationships among particle size, residence time, and conversion needed to meet storage security and pressure management targets.Significance\/Novelty: The approach couples the high reactivity of ex situ mineral carbonation with the cost and capacity advantages of in situ saline aquifer storage. It provides practical design guidance solid loading, particle size, and injection strategy for hybrid commericial CCUS deployment aimed at durable mineral storage, reduced monitoring footprint, and improved pressure management.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 8 Posters: Well Design and Integrity<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Standardized Framework for Evaluating the Re-Use of Downhole Legacy Infrastructure from a Project Decision-Making Perspective<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tH. Costeno Enriquez* and A. Trejo\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(SLB)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: As the Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) industry matures, the role of legacy wells has emerged as a critical consideration in project planning and execution. Among the various strategies to address their impact, re-purposing existing wells could offer advantages like lower total construction cost, reduced foot print, lower operational carbon footprint and in general a more efficient use of existing facilities and infrastructure. However, this approach also introduces significant engineering and operational risks, potential compromises in well design, life -span and long-term implications; along with the associated costs of all such considerations. This paper presents a standardized methodology for assessing the feasibility of re-using downhole legacy infrastructure in CCUS applications.Methods, Procedures, Process: By analyzing well files from multiple regions and identifying common conditions and requirements for re-purposed wells, the study outlines a replicable framework that supports informed decision-making. The methodology emphasizes high-priority evaluation criteria and integrates insights from project decision-makers to ensure alignment between technical assessments and strategic project needs.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The outcome is a practical, decision-oriented tool that bridges the gap between engineering analysis and executive decision-making.Significance\/Novelty: This work contributes a novel approach to CCUS well planning by ensuring that evaluations of legacy infrastructure are both technically robust and strategically relevant.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Classification and Calibration of Legacy Well Risks for CO2 Storage in the Gulf Coast Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Ali* and A. Bump\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(The University of Texas at Austin)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Gulf Coast is a major region for large-scale CO\u2082 storage, with over 50 projects in development and more than 1.1 million legacy oil and gas wells. Many of these wells were drilled before modern well construction and plugging regulations, and documentation quality can be limited. This study focuses on how legacy well leakage risk is defined, screened, and classified across CCS risk frameworks. It evaluates why current approaches often lack consistency and calibration for Gulf Coast CO\u2082 storage.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study evaluates how legacy well risk is defined and screened across CCS frameworks and compares these approaches to Class I injection practice. It assesses how existing classification frameworks rely on qualitative expert judgment, examines the role of uncertainty in over-screening, and compares framework logic to the Class I non-endangerment standard, where pathway realism determines acceptability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results indicate that CCS risk can be overestimated when uncertainty is treated as failure and when large numbers of wells are screened without confirming physical relevance to injection pressure or migration pathways. The findings also show that operational failures dominate the historical incident record, while integrity-relevant failures are relatively rare and temporally clustered. Overall, the results support shifting toward more evidence-informed and pathway-based risk classification.Significance\/Novelty: This work supports a shift toward a more consistent and evidence-informed, pathway-based approach to legacy well risk classification and calibration for CO\u2082 storage in the Gulf Coast Basin. By aligning classification thinking with Class I binary non endangerment logic and emphasizing physical relevance, the study aims to reduce overestimation of risk and improve credibility in CCS screening practices.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443588.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CO2 Worst-Case Discharge Scenario \u2013 Well Survivability of Existing Casing Systems under CO2 Discharge Conditions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. Trevisan*, A. McSpadden and J. Howard\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Altus Well Experts)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The concept of a Worst-Case Discharge (WCD) is well established in the oil and gas industry as the engineering and regulatory basis for design and response planning. A comparable definition for CO2 storage wells has not yet been established, despite the potential severity of an uncontrolled release during drilling, injection, or containment loss. Unlike hydrocarbons, CO2 is heavier than air, and its rapid expansion at atmospheric pressure can cause intense local cooling, icing, and asphyxiation hazards. The study aims to examine the well response to such a hypothetical uncontrolled discharge and to evaluate whether existing casing systems could maintain integrity under these extreme conditions.Methods, Procedures, Process: The analysis uses a nodal analysis framework to capture the coupled pressure and temperature behaviour along the wellbore. It focuses on the drastic and rapid depressurisation associated with an Absolute Open Flow (AOF) event, which represents the upper limit of WCD conditions. The model applies boundary conditions representing reservoir injectivity and discharge potential at depth, and atmospheric pressure at the surface release point, as would occur for a platform well.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The simulation captures the extreme frictional and accelerational pressure losses that develop as the well discharges freely to atmosphere. The transient loads acting on the tubulars during rapid CO2 depressurisation are evaluated to determine whether the existing casing system can maintain integrity long enough for control to be regained. The analysis considers the combined effects of Joule-Thomson cooling, cold-induced tensile stress on tubulars, cooling of annular fluids with consequent reverse annular pressure build-up, and cement deterioration. The outcome provides a technical basis to evaluate the endurance of existing wells under accidental CO2 release, define integrity limits, and identify where mitigation or strengthening may be required to ensure containment until the well can be safely shut in.Significance\/Novelty: This work establishes a first structured framework to define a Worst-Case Discharge for CO2 storage wells, extending a long-standing oil and gas safety concept to the CCUS domain and addressing critical well survivability aspects under extreme depressurisation scenarios.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Compositional Steady-State and Transient Wellbore Flow Dynamics of CO2 Injection Systems<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Mondal* and R. Okoroafor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The safe and efficient injection of CO2 depends on understanding how compositional and thermal changes influence wellbore flow behavior under dynamic conditions. This study investigates both steady-state and transient multiphase flow of CO2 and associated impurities to characterize how temperature, pressure, and environmental factors impact injectivity and flow stability. The objective is to reveal how non-equilibrium effects, phase transitions, and impurity-driven compositional shifts influence wellbore performance beyond conventional steady-state assumptions.Methods, Procedures, Process: A compositional thermo-hydraulic model was developed using a dynamic multiphase flow simulator to capture coupled mass, momentum, and energy transport during CO2 injection. The framework incorporates real-gas thermodynamics and accounts for minor impurities that modify PVT properties. Simulations were conducted for both onshore and offshore injection wells, including start-up, shutdown, and variable-rate injection scenarios. Offshore boundary conditions accounted for low seabed temperature, long tiebacks, and higher hydrostatic pressure, while onshore conditions represented warmer, shorter flow paths and reduced environmental cooling.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Steady-state analysis establishes baseline flow and thermal profiles, while transient modeling captures short-term fluctuations in pressure, temperature, and phase distribution. Offshore wells exhibit delayed thermal stabilization and a higher tendency for transient condensation and pressure oscillations, primarily due to the colder environment and larger hydrostatic head. Onshore wells exhibit faster equilibrium recovery and smoother flow stabilization, though both environments demonstrate sensitivity to impurity concentration and startup sequence. The presence of even small amounts of non-condensable gases alters the compressibility of CO2 and can delay pressure stabilization during transients.Significance\/Novelty: This study highlights that steady-state analyses alone are insufficient to predict real CO2 injection behavior, especially in offshore settings where thermal inertia and ambient cooling significantly alter flow dynamics. The integrated transient\u2013compositional modeling approach identifies temperature control, impurity management, and controlled ramp-up strategies as key tools for maintaining injectivity and minimizing operational risks. These findings provide a new framework for designing and operating CO2 injection systems that account for environment and transient flow physics.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Quantifying the Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing on Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL. Sierra*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(LINQX)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Industrial-scale CO2 storage in saline aquifers is often designed without stimulation, assuming natural permeability ensures adequate injectivity. Field experience, however, reveals that drilling-induced damage, completion practices, and geochemical interactions\u2014such as mud filtrate invasion, fines migration, and mineral scaling\u2014can significantly reduce near-wellbore permeability and increase injection pressures. These effects limit injection performance and can threaten containment integrity. Few studies have quantified the influence of engineered fractures on CO2 injectivity and pressure distribution under realistic field conditions. This work investigates how controlled hydraulic fracturing can enhance CO2 disposal efficiency and operational reliability.Methods, Procedures, Process: Conceptual and numerical models were developed to simulate hydraulic fracturing in representative saline aquifers. The analysis integrated fracture geometry, injectivity enhancement, and pressure redistribution under CO2 injection conditions. Scenarios were compared between unstimulated wells and hydraulically fractured wells to evaluate injectivity, pressure buildup, and caprock integrity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of fracture length, conductivity, and orientation on containment safety.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Modeling results demonstrate that even limited fracture propagation can substantially increase the effective injection surface area, lower near-wellbore stress concentrations, and promote more uniform reservoir pressurization. Controlled hydraulic fracturing mitigates injectivity loss and reduces wellhead pressures without compromising containment when properly designed and monitored. The study also shows that stimulation delays pressure interference between wells and minimizes the risk of unplanned fracture growth or caprock reactivation.Significance\/Novelty: Hydraulic fracturing, when integrated into the initial CO2 storage design, provides a predictable and sustainable solution to enhance injectivity and maintain pressure control. It should be viewed not as a remedial measure but as a proactive engineering approach to ensure reliable, large-scale CO2 sequestration.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Latin America Posters<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Launching a BECCS Project in Brazil: Developing a Low-Carbon Energy Complex from Sugarcane Biomass<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC. Lovato Melo<sup>1<\/sup>, L. B. Silva<sup>2<\/sup>, V. J. dos Santos<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Cardoso<sup>1<\/sup>, J. T. Zielinski*<sup>1<\/sup>, F. d. Albano<sup>1<\/sup>, F. Dalla Vecchia<sup>1<\/sup>, F. Galbiati<sup>2<\/sup> and D. Michelon<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; 2. ENEVA)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This paper announces the launch of a Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) project led by Eneva, in cooperation with the Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR\/PUCRS) and Adecoagro. The project aims to develop alternatives for low-carbon electricity generation from sugarcane biomass, integrated with CO2 capture and geological storage. Its scope includes evaluating CO2 capture technologies for cogeneration and ethanol fermentation. It also involves identifying suitable geological formations for long-term storage and developing a Monitoring, Measurement, and Verification (MMV) plan. Additionally, the project will structure carbon credit certification and prepare a pilot site to test BECCS technologies under real operational conditions. The overarching goal is to accelerate Brazil\u2019s transition toward a low-carbon and negative-emission energy matrix.Methods, Procedures, Process: The project adopts a multidisciplinary approach combining process engineering, geoscience, and sustainability assessment. Initial steps involve mapping CO2 sources from sugarcane processes and evaluating capture technologies adaptable to industrial cogeneration and fermentation systems. A preliminary geological assessment will model suitable storage formations, supported by a digital geodatabase. Methodologies for MMV, GHG inventories, and carbon credit validation will be designed to create a replicable model for future BECCS initiatives in Brazil.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Early outcomes will include characterization of CO2 streams, feasible capture routes, and preliminary classification of potential storage reservoirs. The integrated MMV strategy and digital geological database will support pilot tests and full-scale deployment. Expected impacts include strengthening Brazil\u2019s technical readiness for BECCS, fostering academia-industry collaboration, and supporting the national carbon neutrality agenda.Significance\/Novelty: This initiative represents one of the first concerted efforts in Brazil to develop an integrated BECCS system from concept to implementation, combining the expertise of Eneva, IPR\/PUCRS, and Adecoagro. Its novelty lies in coupling ethanol fermentation CO2 capture with biomass-based cogeneration, creating a new technological route for negative-emission power. By announcing this initiative, the paper highlights Brazil\u2019s potential to lead BECCS innovation in the Global South and reinforces its commitment to low-carbon technologies and sustainable energy systems.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">CANCELED: Theme 10: Operational Results<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">WITHDRAWN: Habshan CCUS: Engineering Carbon into Value<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Al Marzouqi*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(ADNOC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 5: CO\u2082-EOR and Unconventional CO\u2082 Storage<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCarlos Uroza, David Hume\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Nationwide Characterization of U.S. Underground Natural Gas Storage Sites for CO2 Sequestration<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Mirzaei Paiaman*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(The University of Texas at Austin)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Underground natural gas storage (UNGS) facilities in the United States currently hold ~9.2 Tscf of gas. Despite their proven storage performance, no prior study has systematically evaluated their potential for CO2 sequestration. This work investigates the technical feasibility of utilizing anthropogenic CO2 in these reservoirs under the scenario of full conversion to CO2 storage. Conversion of UNGS sites may be considered in cases where a storage field is approaching the end of its operational life for natural gas storage.Methods, Procedures, Process: A comprehensive field-level database of 384 U.S. UNGS facilities (447 reservoirs, aquifers and caverns) was developed, including storage capacity, deliverability, reservoir characteristics (pressure, temperature, depth, thickness, lithology, native fluid, porosity, permeability, trap type), infrastructure (number of injection\/withdrawal, and monitoring wells), and proximity to major CO2 sources. Reservoirs were categorized into nine storage classes defined by lithology, native fluid, and cavern type. CO2 storage capacity and injectivity were estimated, while evaluating geologic, thermodynamic, and operational suitability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results show that under full conversion, UNGS sites could store nearly 1 Gt of CO2, of which 0.82 Gt corresponds to 244 facilities where CO2 would exist in the supercritical state. Combined site injectivity is estimated at \u223c4.15 million tonnes per day, with \u223c3.3 million tonnes per day available from supercritical CO2 injection. Storage potential was further categorized by reservoir type and a multi-criteria ranking was performed to identify high-priority sites based on injectivity, capacity, CO2 phase behavior, and proximity to emitters.Significance\/Novelty: This study presents the first nationwide, field-level characterization of U.S. UNGS facilities for CO2 sequestration applications.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:45 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Implications of Geochemical Alteration (Mineralization, Precipitation, and Dissolution) on Relative Permeability of the CO2 Brine Rock System for Long Term CO2 Storage and Monitoring in the Silurian Dolomite Formation, Permian Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. C. Thakur*<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Khan<sup>1<\/sup>, b. mcpherson<sup>2<\/sup> and S. Siddiqui<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Houston; 2. University of Utah)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Understanding the coupled geochemical and flow behavior of CO2 in subsurface formations is critical for predicting the long term performance of CCUS projects. This study investigates the effects of mineralization, precipitation, and dissolution on the relative permeability of the CO2 brine rock system in the Silurian dolomite of Permian Basin, a region with significant potential for large scale CO2 storage. For the first time, we analyze how uncertainties in geochemical processes impact two phase flow properties, with a particular focus on how these processes alter porosity, permeability, and fluid mobility.Methods, Procedures, Process: A comprehensive workflow was employed, including core scale flow tests under ambient and reservoir conditions. Porosity and permeability were measured along with micro CT imaging, thin sections, and NMR to characterize pore structures. Core flooding experiments were conducted with AFS 300 Coreflooding system at 120 \u00b0C and at reservoir pressures, using a 20 wt.% NaCl brine and scCO2, before and after long term exposure, to assess time dependent geochemical alterations. Relative permeability curves were derived from drainage cycles, including changes in endpoints and saturation thresholds.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Our results show mineralization and precipitation reduce pore connectivity and fluid mobility, while dissolution can enhance injectivity but may create unstable flow paths. These competing processes have significant implications for CO2 plume migration and storage security. By linking geochemical reactions to dynamic flow behavior, this study provides novel insights into the design, monitoring, and risk assessment of CCS operations in carbonates. The results of this work can be used in upscaled reservoir simulation models for future CO2 sequestration projects. The low endpoints CO2 relative permeability indicate incomplete displacement of brine, influenced by the capillary end effect or rock heterogeneity. Saturation profiles indicate the significant impact of heterogeneity for all formations.Significance\/Novelty: This advanced technique enhances reservoir characterization by analyzing pore geometry and pore texture, and evaluating the implications of the relative permeability of CO2 and brine on geochemical processes. It significantly contributes to improving the outcomes of CO2 sequestration. For the first time, geochemical alteration is being correlated with the relative permeability curves of CO2 and brine, and it will be of immense value in understanding CO2 sequestration.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443712.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Access-Constrained Deployment of CO2 Mineralization in Serpentinized Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks in the United States: A Source-to-Sink Assessment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. A. Gil Egui*<sup>1<\/sup>, E. Ukar<sup>1<\/sup> and E. Owusu-Adjapong<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Texas at Austin; 2. The University of Texas at Austin)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Serpentinized mafic and ultramafic formations across the continental U.S. provide one of the most permanent CO2 storage pathways through in-situ mineralization. However, national resource assessments (USGS 2023, and others) did not quantify the social, environmental, and infrastructural realities that define actual deployability. This study advances the quantification of such constraints. It also identifies feasible CO2 sources out of the proposed competitive saline CCS ecosystem, reshaping the effective mineralization landscape by offering a practical, access-constrained view of its real potential within the DOE-funded SubMAP-CO2 framework.Methods, Procedures, Process: A multi-criteria geospatial exclusion model integrates USGS (2025) serpentinization maps with national datasets representing economic, environmental, and land-use limitations. Key filters include (a) competition from low-cost saline CO2 storage (&lt; $20 \/ t), (b) proximity to Princeton Net-Zero America 2050 pipeline corridors, (c) federal land restrictions, (d) population density &gt; 100 people \/ km2, (e) water-stress indices, and (f) critical habitats and waterbody buffers. Remaining polygons are spatially matched with EPA FLIGHT industrial emitters (\u2265 0.1\u20130.4 Mt CO2\/yr) to identify near-term and mid-long source-sink pairs.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Sequential exclusion analysis shows that more than 80 % of the 3.8 Gt CO2 technical capacity in serpentinized formations is lost to non-geological constraints. Competition with saline storage and pipeline corridors accounts for roughly two-thirds of this reduction, followed by water-stress and federal land restrictions. The remaining 17 % (~ 172,000 mi2) clusters in localized zones of Nevada, eastern Oregon, central Pennsylvania, and western North Carolina\u2014areas where reactive lithologies intersect large stationary emission sources within 50 km. These regions represent the most viable targets for future pilot projects and public-private CO2 mineralization initiatives.Significance\/Novelty: This is the first national-scale assessment to translate theoretical CO2 mineralization capacity into a deployable inventory by explicitly accounting for socioeconomic and environmental constraints. The SubMAP-CO2 framework reframes mineralization as a strategic, localized complement to saline storage rather than a direct replacement. It provides a transparent, replicable approach for DOE and state agencies to prioritize future mineralization projects where geology, access, and emissions alignment converge.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 3: Carbon Storage Economics and Financial Assurance<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRoss Harrison, Caroline Wachtman\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Unlocking the Value of CCS through Stacked Credit and Commodity Scenarios | Ethanol, BECCS, Direct Air Capture, Low-Carbon Energy and CO2-EOR<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. Bain*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Enverus)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This abstract explores scenario analysis for carbon capture and storage (CCS) based on the strategic stacking of U.S. federal tax credits and market-based incentives. We focus on cases involving biomass and carbon capture, including ethanol, BECCS, direct air capture, and low-carbon power, examining how credit stacking impacts project viability, scale-up, and commercialization pathways.Methods, Procedures, Process: We review current contract volumes, regulatory and permitting challenges, and financial models for CCS deployment in ethanol, BECCS, and power sectors. Economic analysis uses up-to-date policy incentives including 45Q, 45Z, Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) credits, Renewable Energy Credits (RECs), and related premium power pricing. Comparative modeling quantifies project value and breakeven fundamentals.Results, Observations, Conclusions: - Ethanol: U.S. ethanol plants generate approx. 51.4 MtCO2 per year with over 50% already contracted for CCS. Stacking 45Z with CDR credits achieves an 89% premium on ethanol, netting $326\/tonne CO2, and makes rail-based CO2 transport economic while pipeline build-outs stall. - BECCS: Layering 45Q, CDR, and RECs enables negative power prices (as low as \u2013$57\/MWh), with projects potentially paid to dispatch carbon-negative energy. - Direct air capture: Economic viability hinges on CDR credits; OXY\u2019s Stratos facility posts NPVs shifting from \u2013$400 million (45Q-only) to +$1 billion at 90% CDR sales. - Low-carbon power: Natural gas + CCS shows LCOEs lower than new geothermal or nuclear, with PPAs &gt;$100\/MWh as buyers seek firm, low-carbon supply. - CO2-EOR: 45Q incentives lower breakeven to $16\/bbl, enabling CO2-EOR to outcompete permanent sequestration and unconventional oil.Significance\/Novelty: By quantifying the value uplift from stacking tax credits, this analysis reveals new pathways to accelerate CCS deployment, especially making use of existing infrastructure (like ethanol\u2019s rail networks) and flexible revenue stacking to rapidly launch commercial projects ahead of future pipeline access or broader market maturity. The approach highlights CCS\u2019s evolving economics, demonstrating the shift from cost to value-driven deployment cases across fuels, power, and storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:45 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">From Compliance to Coverage: Technical Best Practices for 45Q Recapture Insurance in CCS Projects<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. W. Eleson, R. Hares, H. Brett*, A. Moore, E. Mitchell and R. Hussaina\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Sproule ERCE)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The 45Q tax credit, established in 2008 under the Energy Improvement and Extension Act and expanded through the Bipartisan Budget Act, Inflation Reduction Act, and One Big Beautiful Bill Act, is the primary driver of U.S. carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) development. Most projects depend on these incentives, which require compliance with IRS provisions ensuring injected CO2 remains permanently stored. Leakage within three years can trigger credit recapture, creating significant financial risk. In response, insurers have introduced products to protect operators from such losses. This study identifies and recommends best practices to help storage operators streamline the underwriting and placement of 45Q recapture insurance, based on technical diligence performed across a diverse portfolio of U.S. storage projects.Methods, Procedures, Process: The study draws on technical assessments for multiple insurers evaluating CCUS site integrity. While these reviews align with EPA and state frameworks, they often extend beyond regulatory standards. Evaluations address potential leakage pathways, including injection and monitoring wells, legacy wellbores, caprock integrity, and subseismic faults. Assessments may require detailed Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) plans describing monitoring type, frequency, geographic coverage, and redundancy. Risk quantification includes analysis of leakage likelihood and rates for various failure scenarios, injection pressures relative to fracture gradients, and remediation plans for high-risk wells.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Insurers increasingly expect data-driven evaluations and proactive risk management frameworks. Requirements often exceed regulatory minimums, emphasizing redundant monitoring, rapid response plans for atmospheric leaks, and robust documentation of mitigation strategies. Early integration of insurance-focused criteria into project design can reduce uncertainty and expedite insurance placement.Significance\/Novelty: This work highlights the growing intersection of carbon storage engineering and financial risk management. By codifying best practices derived from insurer diligence, it offers a roadmap for operators to align project design, monitoring, and mitigation with insurer and investor expectations. Adopting these practices enhances insurability, strengthens project bankability, and supports safe, verifiable CO2 storage under the 45Q program.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Why, When, and How Should You Insure Your CCS Project?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP. D. CARRAGHER*<sup>1<\/sup> and W. Kost<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Rose &amp; Asociates LLP; 2. Marsh USA LLC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects have evolving risk profiles across their very long life cycles. Here, we define risk as the potential for loss, expressed in dollars. Loss also extends to injuries, loss of life, reputational damage and legal consequences. This presentation demonstrates why, when and how insurance strategies can be integrated into CCS project decisions. A key concept is that there is a balance between the company-retained risk (analogous to an insurance \u201cdeductible\u201d or \u201cself-insurance\u201d), and the risk transfer provided by an insurance policy.Methods, Procedures, Process: Companies that seek to optimize risk transfer must assess and determine their risk tolerance, or their balance sheet\u2019s relative strength to absorb uninsured financial impairments over a predetermined period. Once they determine their risk tolerance, they can adjust for their risk appetite, a subjective adjustment to account for how conservative or aggressive company leadership is. Quantifying the risks associated with low-frequency, high impact adverse events is essential for determining when, and to what extent, to transfer risk through insurance. A comprehensive risk register captures many possible, often materially adverse events and their timing across the project life. Each adverse event has a probability of occurrence, variable over the life of the project, and a range of potential financial impacts. These data provide quantitative analysis and visualization of annual and cumulative risk profiles.Results, Observations, Conclusions: CCS developers mitigate the risk of low-impact adverse events through engineering design, contingency funds, critical spares, and operational controls. Risks linked to low-frequency, high-cost adverse events may require a risk-transfer strategy to cushion the potential financial impact. The risk assessment results enable CCS developers to highlight their project\u2019s financial exposure and to determine where and how much risk transfer through insurance is appropriate. For example, exposure to natural disasters is a function of the project\u2019s location, the built-in design resilience, and the initial capex cost of the facilities. Those complex decisions are integrated with the quantitative risk assessment to enable Companies to make better decisions regarding the extent of which risks to retain and which to transfer.Significance\/Novelty: This joint presentation provides a novel view of the strong linkages between the frequency and impact assessments for CCS projects and the actuarial science underpinning insurance coverage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Panel\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #4facfe;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Panel Session: CCUS Investment Realities<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator Melissa Northcott\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Ross*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Mote)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Cook*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Gulf Coast Sequestration)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Saltzer*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Stanford Center for Carbon Storage)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Minervini*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(American Petroleum Institute (API))<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 6: Geochemistry Rock\/Brine Interaction<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnderstanding Aikulola\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Geochemical and Mechanical Response of Partially Saturated Sandstone and Chalk Reservoir Rocks to CO2 Gas Injection: Implications for Seismic Monitoring<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. Amour*<sup>1<\/sup>, C. Ferreira<sup>1<\/sup>, A. Mamonov<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Chandra<sup>2<\/sup>, A. Barnhoorn<sup>3<\/sup> and H. Nick<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. DTU Offshore; 2. NTNU; 3. TU Delft)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Reliable seismic monitoring of CO2 storage sites requires accurate rock physics models (RPMs) for interpreting 4D seismic anomalies. Current RPMs often assume constant rock frame properties, linking seismic changes solely to fluid substitution and stress variations. However, experimental evidence shows that CO2 can alter the rock frame through rock-water-CO2 interactions, affecting acoustic velocities and elastic moduli, thereby compromising the accuracy of subsurface CO2 imaging. This study investigates mineralogical, petrophysical, geomechanical, and chemical responses of partially saturated, chalk and sandstone reservoir samples to continuous and intermittent CO2(gas) under both ambient and in-situ stress conditions.Methods, Procedures, Process: SEM-EDS, CT scans, and strain and ultrasonic measurements were used to monitor rock behaviors during tests. Dynamic moduli were then back-analyzed using effective elastic media theories to identify key controlling factors, including strain hardening, fluid saturation, and mineral precipitation and dissolution.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results show limited water saturation (Sw) reduction despite extensive CO2 volumes injected, suggesting that formation dry out is a slow process, likely due to CO2 by-passing parts of the pore space. Nevertheless, local halite precipitation occurs mainly towards the inlet. No significant mineral dissolution was observed. Furthermore, CO2 flooding led to a temporary softening of creep properties and an increased sensitivity of Vp and Vs to stress, whereas a strengthening of the static and dynamic moduli, and pore collapse strength was observed. Notably, Vp and Vs increased during CO2 injection under creep conditions, despite reduction in Sw. RPM analysis indicated that the acoustic changes mainly result from a patchy saturation of both phases (CO2 and water) and salt precipitation.Significance\/Novelty: The ongoing experiments indicate minimal risk of mechanical instability near the wellbore, especially in chalk formations. Patchy saturation models better predict acoustic velocity changes, while accounting for salt precipitation during elastic moduli estimation can support interpretation of seismic anomalies.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Designing Injection to Steer Geochemistry: Impacts on Injectivity, Porosity, and Integrity in Deep Saline Aquifers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Eyitayo*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas Tech University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Maximizing storage efficiency in deep saline aquifers requires injection strategies that not only manage pressure but also steer geochemical reactions to balance injectivity, porosity, and long-term integrity. Conventional Continuous CO2 injection (CCI) can trigger unfavorable dissolution\u2013precipitation cycles, while alternative strategies such as water-alternating-gas (WAG) and simultaneous CO2\u2013brine injection (SAI) may enhance mineral trapping, solubility, and capillary retention. This study evaluates how injection strategies, exposure time, and brine salinity influence reaction pathways, rock properties, and storage performance in sandstone and carbonate systems.Methods, Procedures, Process: Over 500 controlled core-flooding experiments were conducted on sandstone and limestone samples under reservoir conditions, testing CCI, WAG, and SAI across exposure times of 24\u2013168 hours and salinities ranging from 0\u2013200 g\/L. Pre- and post-test analyses included porosity, permeability, contact angle, XRD, SEM-EDS, wettability, and geomechanical testing. Results were interpreted alongside microstructural and elemental mapping to track dissolution\/precipitation dynamics, mineral transformations, and mechanical stability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Continuous injection caused greater porosity loss at low salinities, while WAG preserved porosity below 50 g\/L and enhanced mineral trapping through carbonate precipitation. SAI demonstrated significant porosity increases in carbonates at higher salinities but, also severe permeability reduction and rock degradation. In sandstones, WAG and SAI promoted CaCO3 and FeCO3 precipitation, enhanced stratigraphic trapping, and minimized wettability alteration compared to CCI, however, Permeability reductions under SAI exceeded 70% in high-salinity carbonate tests, indicating operational trade-offs. Produced water salinity (20\u201350 g\/L) offered a balanced performance, while &gt;100 g\/L salinity accelerated rock weakening, particularly under SAI.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides rare experimental evidence linking injection strategy to geochemical pathways, reservoir integrity, and trapping efficiency in DSAs. Findings highlight WAG as optimal for clastic systems due to balanced reactivity and stability, while SAI may be suited for carbonates at end-of-life stages where sealing and reduced mobility are desired. These insights enable improved design of CO2 storage operations, integration with produced-water management, and calibration of reactive transport models for secure long-term storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:40 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Long-Term Evolution of Elastic Moduli During CO2\u2013Brine\u2013Rock Interaction in Quartz-Rich Saline Aquifer Sandstone<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. FIRDAUS*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Chevron)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Long-term geological carbon storage security depends on the evolution of mineralogy, pore structure, and mechanical strength of the formation. Yet, most experimental studies focus on short-term CO2 exposure (days to weeks), providing limited understanding of time-dependent changes in elastic properties. This study aims to quantify changes in elastic moduli resulting from CO2\u2013brine\u2013rock interactions over a 12-month period using a quartz-rich saline aquifer sandstone. The objectives are to (1) monitor the evolution of Vp and Vs, (2) understand the associated diagenetic mechanisms, and (3) establish an experimental workflow for long-term lab monitoring.Methods, Procedures, Process: Two adjacent sandstone cores were prepared: Sample A for mineralogical and textural analyses, and Sample B for repeated ultrasonic velocity measurements. Initial measurements were performed on dry, cleaned cores (porosity \u2248 21%, k \u2248 30 mD) under confining pressure up to 70 MPa. Following baseline measurements, the cores will then be saturated with 5% KCl brine and exposed to scCO2 at constant injection rate (0.1 cc\/min) until equilibrium. Vp and Vs are recorded every 30 days up to 12 months, while QXRD and micro-CT analyses document mineralogical and microstructural changes.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initial dry measurements yield Vp = 3750 m\/s and Vs = 2400 m\/s at 70 MPa, consistent with quartz-rich sandstone. Brine saturation is expected to increase velocities due to pore stiffening. The long-term scCO2\u2013brine\u2013rock interaction may lead to dissolution of K-feldspar and clay cement, increasing porosity and reducing elastic moduli. The experiment will provide time-lapse velocity trends that are linked to mineral reactions and pore structure evolution.Significance\/Novelty: This study is among the first long-duration (\u226512 months) laboratory experiments integrating ultrasonic, mineralogical, and microstructural monitoring to evaluate CO2\u2013brine\u2013rock interactions. The workflow offers a practical framework for long-term monitoring of rock integrity during CO2 storage. The results will help improve the prediction of reservoir injectivity and long-term mechanical integrity in sandstone targeted for geological carbon storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 4: Dual-Objective EOR Technologies<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tParveen Sachdeva, Deniz Paker\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) \u2013 A Novel Process to Enhance Storage During EOR<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. N. Rao, B. Saikia and J. R. Barbosa*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Louisiana State University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: In 2024, global CO2 emissions hit 37.4 gigatons\u2014up 0.4 from 2023\u2014continuing a 1\u20131.3% annual rise despite mitigation efforts. Fossil fuels supply over 80% of energy, with demand outpacing clean energy growth and expected to rise through 2050. This highlights the urgent need for scalable, cost-effective carbon mitigation. While CCS in saline aquifers shows promise, high transport and storage costs limit viability without government aid. Conventional CO2-EOR offers limited sequestration and modest returns, restricting adoption. This work shows how the LSU-patented Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process overcomes these barriers, enabling sustainable EOR and effective CO2 sequestration with strong economic benefits.Methods, Procedures, Process: The GAGD process has advanced through multiple development stages, including scaled physical modeling, studies of multiphase flow and rock\u2013fluids interactions under reservoir conditions, and field-scale simulations. This systematic work culminated in its successful application to a Louisiana oilfield. Physical model experiments provided clear proof of concept, while flow and interaction studies defined key performance parameters. Field-scale simulations guided design and confirmed GAGD\u2019s suitability for large-scale deployment. Collectively, these efforts established strong confidence in its field viability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Experimental studies show GAGD outperforms conventional methods like water-alternating-gas and continuous gas injection. GAGD\u2019s top-down, gravity-stable flood front enables efficient reservoir sweeping, delaying premature CO2 breakthrough and improving sequestration and oil recovery. Lab tests confirmed higher CO2 storage efficiency than conventional methods, which often face early breakthrough. GAGD achieved 65\u201395% oil recovery versus 5\u201310% for WAG, in both miscible and immiscible conditions. Unlike traditional techniques, GAGD overcomes reservoir heterogeneities; fractures enhance performance by promoting counter-current flow, making fractured reservoirs also suitable for GAGD.Significance\/Novelty: Leveraging the unique advantages of the new GAGD process for sustainable oil production\u2014via efficient CO2 sequestration and better economic returns\u2014offers a novel path to sustainability. Its strong carbon storage and high oil recoveries can revitalize CO2-EOR and sequestration.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">The Potential for \u201cUnintentional\u201d Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery in a Depleted Fractured Reservoir in the Appalachian Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Sminchak*, J. Hershberger, B. Petras and N. Gupta\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Battelle)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Management of legacy oil and gas fields is an important aspect of the Appalachian Basin in the northeast United States. These fields may offer a mix of challenges like legacy wells and complex geological conditions and opportunities like residual hydrocarbons and depleted pressure conditions useful for carbon sequestration. The objective of this study was to design a carbon sequestration system for a depleted, fractured reservoir in the Appalachian Basin and evaluate the potential for additional natural gas production.Methods, Procedures, Process: While evaluating the feasibility for carbon sequestration in a large, depleted natural gas field in the Appalachian Basin, dynamic reservoir simulations indicated the occurrence of \u201cunintentional\u201d enhanced hydrocarbon gas recovery. The field is comprised of a Devonian age fractured chert at a depth of 2300-2400 meters in an anticline structure. A geological model for the field was developed based on 150 well logs, natural analogs, and seismic interpretations. The geological model was ported over to a dual permeability matrix reservoir simulation to assess carbon sequestration in the naturally fractured field. The simulations were history-matched to the field\u2019s gas production to provide confidence in the model.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulation results showed that six injection wells would be necessary to sustain target CO2 injection rates of 2 million metric tons per year. The reservoir simulation indicated that the field would pressure up to original discovery pressures within 8 years, ultimately storing 20 million metric tons CO2 after 10 years of injection. Due to the field having an anticline structure with closed boundaries, the field pressured up to near fracture pressures. It was observed in the simulations that natural gas was accumulating at the cap of the structure above the layer of introduced CO2 . Consequently, gas production was considered for pressure maintenance, which would provide another revenue stream in addition to carbon sequestration 45Q credits.Significance\/Novelty: The simulations suggest it would be possible to augment natural gas production in the highly depleted field with CO2 injection. Disadvantages of the concept include well integrity concerns, additional infrastructure necessary for the carbon capture-compression-transport-injection system, and risks related to fracture-flow. However, this scenario presents an intriguing option for utilizing depleted reservoirs for both carbon sequestration and enhanced hydrocarbon recovery.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:40 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Biomass-Derived Vectors for Carbon Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery in the Permian Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Radovic*<sup>1<\/sup>, R. Silva<sup>2<\/sup> and S. Larter<sup>3<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Houston; 2. Lysis Logic Scientific Inc.; 3. University of Calgary)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This work presents Alternative Vectors for Carbon Storage (AVECS), a novel carbon management pathway that transforms wet biomass and waste streams into stable, non-buoyant, water-soluble carbon vectors. Designed for co-injection with treated oilfield brines, these vectors leverage natural subsurface preservation processes such as paleopickling (salinity-driven microbial inhibition) and paleopasteurization (thermal sterilization) to achieve durable carbon storage. In addition to long-term sequestration, the surfactant-like properties of AVECS products may reduce oil-water interfacial tension, offering a chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) co-benefit.Methods, Procedures, Process: A conceptual technoeconomic analysis (TEA) was conducted to benchmark AVECS against conventional Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Feedstocks available in the Permian Basin were evaluated for their potential to undergo hydrothermal conversion into soluble carbon vectors. Subsurface injection scenarios at 200-300 m were modeled, considering brine reuse, preservation mechanisms, and integration with existing oilfield infrastructure. The chemical characteristics of AVECS-derived compounds were assessed for their potential to mobilize residual oil through interfacial tension reduction.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initial modeling suggests that one ton of AVECS product could potentially sequester 2.2 tons of CO2 equivalent, with shallow injection reducing drilling and monitoring costs by 50-70% compared to CCS. Brine-enhanced preservation supports long-term stability, while preliminary analysis indicates that AVECS compounds may recover an additional 5-15% of original oil in place through surfactant action. Technoeconomic scenarios show that combining storage and EOR co-benefits could position AVECS as a potentially economically feasible carbon sequestration pathway in the Permian Basin.Significance\/Novelty: AVECS departs from conventional CO2 storage by introducing a new class of carbon vectors that couple biomass conversion with subsurface brine reuse. Its novelty lies in offering both durable carbon storage and the potential for enhanced recovery, bridging the gap between sequestration and utilization. By repositioning shallow saline formations as viable storage sites and integrating with existing oilfield systems, AVECS expands the CCUS toolkit with a scalable, regionally tailored approach to emissions reduction.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 7: Multi-Physics Simulations for CO\u2082 Injection, Reactivity, and Reservoir Integrity<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMeisong Yan\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Geomechanical Simulation of CO2 Injection in Fractured Granite Formations at the St John\u2019s Dome (SJD): A Dual-Permeability Coupled Modeling Approach<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. M. Adjimah*<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Ampomah<sup>2<\/sup>, N. Sibaweihi<sup>2<\/sup> and A. Abdul-Malik<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; 2. Petroleum Recovery Research Center)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study investigates how fractured granite reservoirs at the St. John\u2019s Dome (SJD) respond to long-term CO2 injection. Using a dual-permeability geomechanical framework, we evaluate reservoir-scale strain, pressure evolution, and deformation to better understand the storage capacity and stability of crystalline formations.Methods, Procedures, Process: A fully coupled 3D finite-element geomechanical model was developed, integrating fracture\u2013matrix flow with rock deformation. The granite basement was represented as an elasto-plastic medium governed by the Mohr\u2013Coulomb failure criterion. Boundary conditions accounted for overburden stress, lateral confinement, and hydrostatic pore pressure. CO2 injection was simulated at 1 MMTPA for 30 years, followed by 50 years of post-injection monitoring. Key outputs included pressure distribution, volumetric strain, surface displacement, and safety margins against failure. Mesh and timestep sensitivity analyses ensured robust and physically consistent results.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulations revealed preferential CO2 migration toward shallower zones, accompanied by widespread compaction-driven deformation. Volumetric strain concentrated around injection wells, while surface subsidence remained relatively uniform. Pressure increased significantly near injection sites, influencing reservoir stress over time. Trapping analysis indicated that supercritical CO2 dominated storage, with structural and solubility trapping providing secondary contributions. Overall, geomechanical feedback was found to play a critical role in controlling stress redistribution, deformation, and storage security in crystalline reservoirs.Significance\/Novelty: This work introduces a dual-permeability coupled geomechanical modeling approach for fractured igneous reservoirs, applied to the SJD site. By capturing the interaction between CO2 migration and stress evolution, the study provides fresh insights into deformation processes and containment reliability in crystalline systems, strengthening confidence in their role as viable long-term CO2 storage targets.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4429663.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Modeling CO2 Injectivity and Mineral Precipitation Dynamics: An Integrated Thermo-Hydro-Chemical Approach<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Chhipa*, T. Elsayed and R. Okoroafor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Mineral precipitation from formation brines remains one of the main operational challenges for maintaining injectivity during CO2 storage. This study examines how salts and carbonates form and evolve under different temperature, pressure, and salinity conditions, especially when calcite acts as the cementing phase in the reservoir rock. The goal is to understand what controls scaling, how these reactions impact flow performance, and what adjustments in operating conditions can help minimize injectivity loss.Methods, Procedures, Process: A set of non-isothermal thermo-hydro-chemical simulations was carried out to capture the coupled effects of multiphase flow, heat transfer, and mineral reactions. The model system consisted of H2O, CO2, NaCl, CaCl2, and CaCO3 to represent the primary species controlling precipitation and dissolution. Different injection temperatures, pressures, and salinity levels were tested to mimic realistic reservoir conditions. Scenarios also evaluated how varying the degree of calcite cementation affects permeability and near-wellbore response. The injectivity index was the metric used to compare the different scenarios.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The simulations indicate that higher salinity and lower temperatures favor the precipitation of salt and carbonate, leading to pore throat blockage and a decline in injectivity. When calcite is present, an initial phase of mild dissolution may slightly enhance flow before secondary carbonate precipitation begins to seal the same pathways. Increasing the injection temperature within safe operational limits helps delay precipitation and stabilize performance. Lower injection rates and low-salinity or water co-injection phases further reduce the risk of scaling. Additives such as small amounts of scale inhibitors proved effective in suppressing nucleation and maintaining permeability.Significance\/Novelty: This work bridges geochemical modeling and field operations by identifying practical levers that can be used to control scaling during CO2 injection. Adjusting injection temperature, moderating flow rates, pre-conditioning brine, and deploying proven chemical inhibitors all show measurable benefits. The insights help translate complex mineral\u2013fluid reactions into operational guidelines for designing injection strategies that preserve injectivity and extend well life for CO2 storage projects.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4430776.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Fully Coupled Physics-Based Pressure-Temperature Profile Model for Steady-State CO2 Injection Wells<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tl. zhao*<sup>1<\/sup> and w. xingru<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. CNPC USA; 2. University of Oklahoma)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate prediction of pressure\u2013temperature (P\u2013T) profiles in CO2 injection wells is critical for optimizing injection design, ensuring storage integrity, and assessing tubular thermal stresses. Conventional workflows often decouple temperature and pressure calculations, leading to inconsistent density and friction predictions, especially under supercritical conditions where CO2 properties are highly sensitive to P and T. This work aims to develop a fully coupled, physics-based model that simultaneously solves the steady-state energy and momentum equations to achieve thermodynamically consistent P\u2013T predictions for CO2 injection wells.Methods, Procedures, Process: The model integrates the one-dimensional energy and momentum equations along the flow path, retaining all physical terms including gravity, Joule\u2013Thomson (JT) effects, kinetic energy, and frictional losses. Thermophysical properties\u2014density, viscosity, specific heat, and JT coefficient\u2014are dynamically retrieved from NIST REFPROP to ensure equation-of-state (EOS) consistency across subcritical and supercritical regimes. Radial heat transfer is represented using a composite thermal resistance model (tubing, annulus, cement, and formation) with transient earth conduction. The coupled ODE system for pressure and temperature is solved implicitly using an adaptive scheme with internally computed numerical Jacobians, ensuring self-consistent evaluation of density and friction gradients.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The coupled model eliminates the density mismatch and numerical instability issues common to decoupled workflows. Validation against field data demonstrates excellent agreement in both pressure and temperature profiles. The approach captures sign changes in the JT coefficient, transitions between flow regimes, and realistic relaxation lengths. The results confirm the importance of simultaneous solution of momentum and energy equations to accurately predict downhole P\u2013T behavior in supercritical CO2 wells.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides the first fully coupled, physics-based P\u2013T modeling framework tailored for CO2 injection wells. It offers improved accuracy in injectivity forecasting, thermal\u2013mechanical evaluation of tubulars and packers, and determination of safe operating envelopes for CO2 storage and EOR operations. The model can be readily extended to transient and real-time surveillance applications, providing a robust foundation for next-generation CCUS well design and monitoring tools.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 9:  Tools and Techniques for Leakage Detection and Quantification<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJorge Barrios, Michel Verliac\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">The Critical Role of Monitoring in Subsea Carbon Capture and Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tW. Ruf*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Sonardyne Incorporated)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Offshore Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) aims to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by transporting CO2 from onshore sources to offshore geological formations such as depleted reservoirs and saline aquifers. This strategy leverages existing oil and gas infrastructure to facilitate CO2 injection into secure subsurface locations. A key objective is to ensure long-term containment of the injected CO2 to maintain public trust and prevent environmental damage. Maintaining reservoir integrity is essential, as any leakage could compromise both environmental safety and project viability.Methods, Procedures, Process: To safeguard offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS) sites, Measurement, Monitoring, and Verification (MMV) systems are deployed to detect potential leaks and assess site integrity. A multi-year research initiative included offshore trials utilizing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for both localized and wide-area site assessments. Monitoring strategies targeted high-risk zones such as injection wellheads, geological fault lines, and manmade subsea infrastructure. The monitoring process was structured in two phases: Baseline Monitoring, and Injection Phase Monitoring, which involved continuous, high-frequency data collection during CO2 injection operations.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The MMV system demonstrated effectiveness in confirming the secure containment of CO2 at offshore sites. Baseline monitoring provided a comprehensive understanding of natural environmental variations, while injection phase monitoring enabled timely detection of anomalies indicative of potential leaks. The integration of physical oceanography, marine chemistry, and biology proved vital in overcoming challenges such as rapid CO2 dissolution, water column mixing, and seasonal variability.Significance\/Novelty: This approach underscores the complexity of subsea CCS monitoring and the necessity of a multi-faceted approach. The use of AUVs and advanced sensing technologies within MMV frameworks marks a significant advancement in environmental monitoring capabilities. Establishing detailed baseline datasets and maintaining continuous surveillance are critical for distinguishing natural fluctuations from containment breaches. These innovations contribute to the broader goal of safe, reliable, and publicly accepted offshore carbon storage solutions.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Environmental Compliance Considerations for Class VI UIC CCUS Projects: Baseline and Beyond<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. Iltis, L. Alpert* and G. Schnaar\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Daniel B Stephens and Assoc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Environmental compliance monitoring for Class VI UIC CCUS projects involves sampling and analysis of various types of environmental media including ambient air, soil gas, USDW (groundwater), and formation fluids in the injection zone and above the reservoir confining zone. Seismic and vegetation monitoring can also be required, depending on governing regulatory requirements. The monitoring life-cycle for Class VI UIC projects includes: 1) baseline monitoring, to establish initial conditions prior to injection; 2) monitoring during injection; and 3) monitoring following injection, during the PISC period. Key considerations for monitoring network design, tools and methods, installation, and timeline will be discussed. A current focus for Class VI UIC projects is baseline data collection prior to first injection. As projects complete initial baseline monitoring and transition to detection monitoring, statistical methods for data evaluation should be implemented. A generalized approach to detection monitoring, using statistical methods, will be presented.Methods, Procedures, Process: The design and execution of an environmental monitoring program includes: 1) tool and method selection for each type of environmental media to be monitored; 2) monitoring network design; 3) installation of monitoring network equipment; 4) initiation of the monitoring program; 5) statistical assessment of collected data to monitor for potential releases. A variety of tools and techniques are available for meeting the intent of regulatory requirements. We will discuss a variety of tools and methods for environmental monitoring, including methods that we have successfully implemented for baseline and operations monitoring at Class VI UIC projects. Major considerations for monitoring network design will be discussed.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Equipment procurement and installation time is an important factor to consider when establishing a project timeline. Procurement and installation time can range from zero (e.g. satellite imagery using existing satellites) to 12 months for monitoring well installation scheduling and execution. Weather, supply chain, and drilling contractor availability are the most significant variables that we have encountered in establishing comprehensive monitoring programs for Class VI UIC projects.Significance\/Novelty: Since December 2022, we have successfully designed, implemented, and operated baseline monitoring programs for Class VI UIC projects in the western U.S. Several projects have received authorization to begin injection operations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Hybrid Monitoring Framework for Identifying Leaks in CCUS Pipelines Using Computer Vision and Sensor Fusion<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. V. Mehta, K. Sonawane, U. Biradar, D. Chauhan, P. Saini, S. Bordoloi and P. Basu*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Baker Hughes)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This work presents an AI-enabled framework for leak detection, localization, and quantification in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) pipeline infrastructure. The system aims to enhance environmental safety, operational reliability, and regulatory compliance by leveraging fixed imaging systems and IoT sensor data. The scope includes both continuous and event-driven monitoring of pipeline networks, particularly in remote or high-risk areas.Methods, Procedures, Process: The system combines computer vision and sensor fusion to analyze visual and telemetry data. Pole-mounted cameras (thermal, infrared, and RGB) provide persistent surveillance along pipeline routes, while satellite imaging offers periodic, wide-area coverage. IoT sensors monitor pressure, temperature, acoustic signals, and flow rates. AI models process visual anomalies such as vapor plumes or thermal gradients and correlate them with sensor data to detect leak events. Localization is achieved via geotagged imagery and sensor triangulation, while leak quantification uses regression models trained on historical data and fluid dynamics simulations. Monitoring operates in a hybrid mode: fixed cameras deliver continuous coverage, and satellite imagery complements with macro-level insights. Additionally, event-triggered monitoring is enabled by sensor alerts, which activate targeted imaging analysis for rapid incident verification and response.Results, Observations, Conclusions: This AI-driven leak detection framework introduces a novel, cost-effective, and adaptive method for monitoring CCUS pipelines. By integrating computer vision, sensor fusion, and hybrid imaging operations, it enables proactive maintenance, rapid incident response, and long-term infrastructure integrity. The system supports scalable deployment across diverse geographies and contributes to the safe and sustainable expansion of carbon transport and storage initiatives.Significance\/Novelty: Unlike conventional leak detection systems that rely solely on fixed sensors or manual inspection, this approach offers a scalable, multimodal, and intelligent solution. The fusion of visual data from ground-based and satellite sources with real-time sensor inputs significantly improves detection accuracy and leak severity estimation. The hybrid operations model combining continuous and event-driven monitoring adds flexibility and responsiveness. Moreover, the system\u2019s ability to operate in inaccessible or hazardous environments enhances safety and coverage, making it particularly suitable for large-scale CCUS networks\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4430386.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">What Are the Trends? Review of Environmental Testing and Monitoring Plans for UIC Class VI Carbon Dioxide Storage Sites in the United States<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC. Niamike*<sup>1<\/sup>, D. M. Kingham<sup>1<\/sup>, T. McGuire<sup>1<\/sup>, L. Molofsky<sup>1<\/sup>, C. Powell<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Bhattacharya<sup>1<\/sup>, V. Ng<sup>1<\/sup> and E. Cadena<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. GSI Environmental Inc.; 2. Rice University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) plays a critical role in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and addressing climate change. In the United States (US), over 100 UIC Class VI injection well permit applications have been submitted to federal and state regulatory agencies, seeking approval to permanently inject and store CO2 in deep geologic reservoirs. A primary risk of CCS projects is the potential for fluid migration from the storage reservoir to overlying underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) or the surface. To manage this risk, environmental Testing and Monitoring (T&amp;M) Plans are required to ensure containment of CO2 within the injection zone and to enable early detection and evaluation of potential environmental impacts. Currently, a range of monitoring requirements exist under federal and primacy state UIC Class VI permitting programs and guidance. Additional monitoring requirements are outlined in protocols and standards associated with financial incentive programs, such as the federal IRS 45Q tax credit and California Air Resources Board Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) carbon credit programs.Methods, Procedures, Process: We obtained UIC Class VI permit applications for over 100 projects in the US and reviewed each permit application to compile key project information (e.g., CO2 injection volume, project duration) and proposed direct monitoring components for various environmental media (e.g., monitoring type, location, duration, and frequency). These direct monitoring components are compared to CCS project specifications (type, magnitude, objectives) and to federal and state regulatory requirements and financial incentives to highlight trends and correlations in the proposed T&amp;M approaches across the US.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Due to the complexity and inconsistency of existing monitoring requirements, guidelines, and recommendations, combined with the variability of project-specific goals and objectives, we observed significant differences in proposed environmental T&amp;M Plans and potential non-compliance with regulatory requirements.Significance\/Novelty: This presentation will offer insights into key CCS project specifications and direct monitoring components drawn from nearly 100 T&amp;M Plans submitted as part of UIC Class VI permit applications in the US. The information may support both operators and regulators in identifying gaps or inconsistencies in regulatory compliance, establishing potential benchmarks for \u201cindustry standards,\u201d and promoting knowledge sharing and standardization.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 3: Regulatory and Pore Space Considerations and Best Practices<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRoss Harrison, Melissa Northcott\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Competitive Landscape for Pores Space and Injection Reservoirs: Current Regulatory Concerns and Challenges for Pressure and Plume Management<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Gallagher*, D. J. Collins; PG and A. Klingensmith\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Geostock Sandia, LLC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Examine Regulatory Complexities: Analyze the regulatory concerns related to overlapping use of pore space, pressure management, and legal rights between injection projects. Class VI projects require pore space access, while existing Class I and II do not. This has major impacts for long-term project development. Evaluate Pressure &amp; Plume Interactions: Investigate how multiple adjacent injection projects impact pressure buildup, plume migration, and potential interference. A major issue for regulatory agencies in the Gulf Coast. Identify Risks &amp;Technical Challenges: Highlight operational and environmental risks such as pressure propagation, brine displacement, and seal integrity compromise due to multiple nearby injection activities or projects within the same reservoir. Propose Regulatory &amp; Technical Solutions: Advocate for comprehensive modeling, monitoring, risk management, and regulatory frameworks to ensure safe and long-term CO2 storage with minimized offsite impacts.Methods, Procedures, Process: Utilizing data from active and competing projects, this presentation examines cumulative pressure impacts and case studies of projects closed by the agencies are evaluated. It explores potential risks and technical considerations of pressure interference between nearby projects across all classification of wells, underscoring that pressure build-up and CO2 plume migration may be impacted by the presence of an offset project.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Many geological formations targeted for Class VI projects are currently used by other well classifications for injection. This overlap raises several regulatory concerns that state and federal agencies are currently evaluating. 1) potential over-pressurization of formations due to increased operations. 2) interactions between pressure and plume fronts from competing projects. 3) legal complexities regarding access to pore space ownership influenced by established Class I plumes and pressure fronts. 4) multiple projects may increase the risk of leakage to a USDW, induced seismicity, or caprock integrity.Significance\/Novelty: Highlights critical aspects of the regulatory associated with multiple planned projects targeting the same reservoirs. Major impacts on the Gulf Coast as the same reservoirs are used for Class I hazardous waste disposal projects. These risks have been identified by EPA in RAI&#039;s to applicants and by the Texas and Louisiana state agencies as items that must be considered. It emphasizes the importance of managing pore space conflicts, pressure interactions, and legal issues.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Comparative Analysis of Statutory and Regulatory Frameworks for Geologic Carbon Sequestration<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Blumsack*, M. Helbing, H. Wiseman, S. Yu, F. Bakhtiyorova and B. Amspacher\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Penn State University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Substantial risk in planned geologic carbon storage (GCS) projects arises from vague legal regimes for subsurface property rights, conflicts among subsurface users, and complex permitting and regulatory requirements. Most of these requirements are imposed by states, some of which are developing new policies. Some states are adopting similar practices in their policies, leading to a relatively uniform legal landscape. In other areas, states\u2019 approaches diverge from their peers, creating the potential for confusion and delay. Moreover, elements of GCS policy in some states could be improved with greater integration of emerging scientific knowledge. Our work provides a comparative analysis of U.S. state-level law\u2014statutes, regulations, and court decisions\u2014focused on GCS. It highlights similarities and conflicts among state approaches, identifies potential legal roadblocks to GCS, and suggests better, scientifically informed paths forward.Methods, Procedures, Process: We conducted a fifty-state review of existing and proposed statutory and regulatory frameworks and court decisions. This review was performed using legal databases such as LexisNexis and Westlaw. In our review, we focused on issues such as pore space property rights, assignment of liability, environmental jurisdiction, and requirements for public participation in permitting. We will supplement our legal research with interviews with policymakers and related stakeholders in a limited number of states.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In some areas, we observe a great deal of uniformity in statutory design and choices among different states. For example, most states follow the \u201cAmerican Rule\u201d in defining pore-space property rights, under which property rights accrue to the surface owner rather than the subsurface mineral owner. In other areas, such as in the public participation requirements, rules for mandatory pooling of pore space, and post-injection state assumption of liability, we observe much more variation. We observe this variation both within and across regions, which could increase costs of basin-wide sequestration hubs in addition to networked sets of projects.Significance\/Novelty: GCS developers in the U.S. face a wide array of varied state rules and regulations in developing sequestration projects. Our work highlights opportunities for improved harmonization of regulations across jurisdictions and potential ways in which technical information could be utilized to improve regulations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4446636.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Standards as Drivers to Support Advancing CCUS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Roueche*, J. Minervini and J. Strickler\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(API)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Standards are essential tools developed by standards development organizations that promote safety, environmental protection, and scalability of technologies through research and proven engineering practices. Since 1919, the American Petroleum Institute (API) has been a global leader in developing and maintaining voluntary consensus standards for the oil and gas industry and beyond and are currently responding to the pressing industry, regulatory, and public needs for CCUS standards to support the safe, efficient deployment and operations of CCUS projects. This presentation will highlight published standards and share ongoing research and standards development efforts to support the CCUS industry.Methods, Procedures, Process: API standards are developed through an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited process that upholds critical requirements, such as openness, balance, due process, and consensus. The standards are developed with a performance-based approach, which allows for and enhances innovation. Once industry identifies a need for a CCUS standard, a group of technical experts is convened that may span companies, regulators, academia, and other stakeholders, who develop the standard, which is voted on and opened for public review and comment.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Standards development organizations relevant to CCUS are currently engaged in a high level of activity. API alone has over 40 standardization activities related to CCUS, covering a broad array of related topics including CO2 pipeline, CO2 exposure to equipment (namely well control and servicing equipment), subsea production systems, and metering. Two standards ae nearing publication that promote long-term safety and sustainability for CCUS operations: Recommended Practice 1192, Transport of Carbon Dioxide by Pipeline, and Bulletin 5100, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as a Barrier for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Applications.Significance\/Novelty: In an era of rapid technological innovation and global collaboration, standards play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of CCUS. Standards serve as foundational drivers that offer stakeholders confidence in the safety and integrity of CCUS operations, protect the valuation of assets, support regulatory rulemaking, and enable more efficient pathways for innovation. These standards published and in development will help facilitate the successful deployment of CCUS projects and support industry efforts toward a more resilient and sustainable future.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Advantages and Challenges of Injectivity Testing in CO2 Storage Projects: Technical and Regulatory Insights from Permit Reviews in EPA Region 5 and Primacy States<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Raziperchikolaee* and S. Indriati\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Battelle)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study evaluates injectivity testing in Class VI CO2 storage permits, focusing on methodologies, interpretation, and integration into site characterization and risk management for adaptive planning scenarios. By reviewing permits, technical literature, and regulatory guidance, the study covers how a fit-for-purpose injectivity tests can support regulatory compliance, reduce uncertainty, and enable adaptive project design. Findings are also applied to project risk management, guiding best practices for test protocols and regulatory engagement.Methods, Procedures, Process: We analyze publicly available Class VI permits under EPA Region 5 and select state-led primacy programs (e.g. North Dakota, Wyoming), focusing on how operators conduct and document injectivity testing in varied geological, operational, and risk managment contexts. Particular attention was given to step-rate tests, fall-off analyses, and pressure transient testing as main tests to meet regulatory requirement. This approach allowed us to identify key technical and regulatory factors influencing the effectiveness of injectivity testing in supporting the success of CO2 storage project.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Advantages of injectivity tests across Class VI permit reviews will be presented including refining reservoir characterization in terms of transmissivity and fracture pressure, and providing more accurate injectivity and plume migration estimate. The examples include Mt. Simon sandstone and Potosi Dolomite in Indiana and Broom Creek formation in North Dakota. Also, challenges such as the results\u2019 uncertainty in terms of fracture pressure gradients and transmissivities in multiple zones will be discussed. Varying test conditions such as carbonate vs sandstone storage zone, tests in confining zone, initial reservoir condition, and test input parameters of sites with injectivity tests will be addressed. The review also discusses regulatory challenges including test protocols that did not always align with site-specific geology and interpretations that might constrain operational flexibility.Significance\/Novelty: Lessons learned from this study include (1) integrating injectivity results with broader project risk assessments (2) the necessity of uncertainty analysis considering data quality and test limitations (3) the importance of engagement with regulators in cases where a different testing approach is needed. These practices can help streamline other permit approvals and enhance regulatory confidence for a more efficient deployment of CO2 storage projects.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 2: CO\u2082 Transportation<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKaterina Yared, Bo Ren\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steels Under CO2\/CO\/H2O Environments<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZ. Belarbi*, C. S. Witharamage, K. Rozman and D. E. Alman\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(National Energy Technology Laboratory)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a degradation process that affects the integrity of steel pipelines when a susceptible material, tensile stress exceeding a threshold value, and a corrosive environment coexist. SCC is a risk for steel pipelines transporting CO2 streams with impurities such as H2O and CO. SCC occurs due to CO, which acts as an incomplete barrier to corrosion and may leave a small fraction of steel exposed. In this case, the local anodic attack creates pits, which are stress raisers; the cracks can be nucleated and propagated in areas with high tensile stresses. The objective of this research is to evaluate the susceptibility of API 5L steel to SSC in CO2\/CO\/O2\/H2O systems (water and liquide CO2).Methods, Procedures, Process: Experiments were conducted in water and CO2 liquid phases using four-point bend specimens following NACE TM0316 standard method. The pressure, temperature, and impurity content inside the autoclave were maintained at a specified level to simulate conditions under either CO2\/CO\/H2O environments in process piping before water treatment or CO2 pipeline with water dropout due to upset. After SSC tests, surface characterization was performed on the specimens. In parallel, the Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) technique was used to investigate the active-passive behavior in the presence of O2 and CO as impurities in CO2 pipelines, thereby enhancing the understanding of the SCC mechanism.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In the absence of CO, the surface characterization of the corroded specimens exposed to the CO2-saturated water phase suggested the formation of iron carbonate on the surface. In the presence of CO, the corrosion rate values from iron concentration in the presence of CO were lower than those without CO. This was due to the adsorption of CO, which results in the formation of a passive layer on the surface, thereby reducing iron dissolution. The passive film was characterized using SKP. No SCC was observed on API 5L steel exposed to H2O-CO2-CO systems with and without O2. A localized attack was observed on API 5L steel exposed to the liquid CO2 saturated with water.Significance\/Novelty: This will help to understand the SSC risks associated with CO2 transport and injection and leverage existing infrastructure or rebuild new pipeline networks to transport CO2 with impurities for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. Very limited SSC data for pipeline steels in dense-phase or supercritical CO2 have been published.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CCUS Potential In New Mexico: Technical and Economic Feasibility of Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE. A. Owusu*<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Ma<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Ampomah<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Esmaeilpour<sup>1<\/sup>, G. El-kaseeh<sup>1<\/sup>, R. Czarnota<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Wang<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Nguyen<sup>1<\/sup>, J. Fonquergne<sup>1<\/sup>, B. Chen<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Van Wijk<sup>2<\/sup>, W. Li<sup>2<\/sup> and H. Rahnema<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; 2. Los Alamos National Laboratory)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a key technology for reducing CO2 emissions. As one of the leading oil and gas producers in the United States, New Mexico emits over 17 million metric tons of CO2 annually from industrial and power generation sources according to 2023 data. This study takes New Mexico as a case study to evaluate the CCUS potential in the state, particularly focusing on identifying optimal CO2 capture clusters, designing an efficient pipeline network, and quantifying both the storage capacity in saline aquifers and the utilization potential via CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR).Methods, Procedures, Process: CO2 point sources from 2011 to 2023 were analyzed using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)\u2019s FLIGHT database to identify CO2 emission amounts and locations and to estimate capture costs. Geological basins and formations within New Mexico were analyzed to identify CO2 storage resources and associated costs. CO2 utilization via CO2-EOR was evaluated based on existing projects in New Mexico, including East Vacuum, North Hobbs, South Hobbs, and Central Vacuum. Finally, the CO2 sources and storage\/utilization sites were integrated into SimCCS to determine the optimal CO2 transport routes connecting emission sources with utilization and storage locations. The 45Q tax credits were also incorporated into the analysis.Results, Observations, Conclusions: About 67 CO2 emission facilities qualify for 45Q tax credits, emitting more than 17 million tonnes of CO2 per year, according to 2023 data. The four Permian Basin EOR fields collectively can utilize approximately 3 million tonnes of CO2 annually. The results also indicate that geological formations across the Permian and San Juan basins provide sufficient CO2 storage capacity. SimCCS modeling identified an optimized network of capture hubs and trunk pipelines. The findings suggest that integrating EOR with geological CO2 storage can significantly reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.Significance\/Novelty: This work delivers the first fully integrated geospatial and economic assessment of CO2 capture, transportation, utilization, and storage in New Mexico. The framework presented here can be readily expanded to other states or regions to evaluate CCUS potential. Specifically, it provides a replicable framework for developing regional CCUS infrastructure that simultaneously reduces emissions, enhances energy productivity, and drives economic diversification across the country.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Surface-to-Storage Thermal Continuity: Quantifying Seasonal and Geothermal Impacts for Reliable CCUS Project Forecasts<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV. Pathak* and S. Gautam\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(CMG)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate CO2 storage forecasts in CCUS projects require coupled surface\u2013subsurface thermal and fluid modeling to understand thermophysical evolution of injected CO2 from source to subsurface. This paper quantifies how seasonal ambient temperature cycles and site-specific geothermal gradients alter CO2 temperature, density, viscosity, and phase envelope across the injection network, and how those changes impact injectivity, capacity, and plume evolution.Methods, Procedures, Process: This paper highlights the critical role of integrated surface-subsurface modeling in quantifying the influence of thermal effects on CO2 properties during transit for storage in a saline aquifer. A multi-disciplinary modeling workflow was used where surface facility, wells, and subsurface reservoir were modeled as a unified system with consistency of data and CO2 properties across discipline boundaries. The modeling approach considered pure CO2 phase behavior, conductive and convective heat transfer, and Joule-Thomson effects in the surface facilities and wells. It also considered various CO2 trapping mechanisms, near wellbore injectivity changes, and geomechanical impacts in the subsurface. By coupling the transport of CO2 with the subsurface storage, a more accurate representation of CO2 properties such as density and viscosity was obtained \u2013 which affects injectivity and plume evolution.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The geographical region considered had a high temperature difference between summer and winter months, which led to an approximately 10% change in supercritical CO2 density between the seasons, along with viscosity changes. Additionally, geothermal gradients were considered which also affected the CO2 properties. The resulting injectivity deviations were in the range of 15-20% per well, compared to standalone reservoir simulations. Thermal effects also affected the plume growth and predictions for Area of Review (AoR). Lastly, sensitivity analyses were done to quantify the uncertainty associated with these effects to get a probabilistic estimate for the project\u2019s performance. Through the addition of necessary physical effects and using a multi-disciplinary modeling workflow, a more credible CO2 injection forecast could be created.Significance\/Novelty: Our findings advocate for a paradigm shift in CCUS modeling workflows\u2014one that treats surface-to-reservoir thermal continuity not as a boundary condition, but as a dynamic input. This approach enhances the fidelity of CO2 storage forecasts and supports safer, more efficient injection strategies.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Breaking Silos: Integrated Surface\u2013Subsurface Modeling to Optimize CCS System Design<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Shah*<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Burns<sup>2<\/sup>, G. Hegde<sup>1<\/sup> and K. McConnell<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Wood Plc.; 2. Enbridge)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects are integrated systems involving CO2 capture, transportation and subsurface injection. However, current workflows often rely on isolated subsurface studies, leaving system-level risks unaddressed. This paper demonstrates how integrated surface subsurface modeling can optimize CCS design by investigating the impact of surface conditions on subsurface performance and vice versa. The scope includes identifying system-wide risks, evaluating CAPEX\u2013OPEX trade-offs, and supporting phased development strategies for multi-well injection into reservoirs.Methods, Procedures, Process: The integrated modeling workflow combines pipeline-wellbore thermo-hydraulics and reservoir simulation in a unified framework. The transport and wellbore injection model considers the thermohydraulic performance of the pipeline and the injection well, while reservoir modeling accounts for near-wellbore effects such as salt precipitation and it\u2019s impact on the entire CCS network. Scenario analysis addresses uncertainties including seasonal temperature swings, phased well additions, with key metrics focused on injectivity, phase stability, corrosion risk, and lifecycle economics. Utilizing this integrated approach to address key uncertainties in field development is essential for comprehensive planning and mitigating operational and financial risks.Results, Observations, Conclusions: This study explores the benefits of integrated modelling, including breaking down team silos, optimizing system-wide performance, balancing CAPEX with operational needs, supporting phased development, and enabling lifecycle data-driven decision-making. The case study evaluating multi-well injection into a clastic storage reservoir highlight how this approach can identify and quantify key project risks such as Phase instability in CO2 transportation and storage Corrosion Near wellbore effects that can impact injectivity Inefficient system designSignificance\/Novelty: This work operationalizes integrated CCS modeling by linking pipeline and wellbore thermo-hydraulics, and reservoir performance into a single workflow. Unlike siloed approaches, integrated modeling enables proactive risk mitigation and phased development planning, accelerating CCS deployment in a cost-effective and scalable manner.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 8: Material Selection and Well Design for CO\u2082 Injection<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLuis Paz, Gabe Casanova\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Methodology for Modeling and Testing for Corrosion Rates and Selecting Corrosion Resistant Alloys for CCS Well Applications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Valluri, E. Britton and A. Duguid*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(ARI)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Selecting tubulars for carbon dioxide (CO2) injection wells requires assessing compatibility between metal, formation brine, and the CO2 stream to mitigate corrosion risks. This requires a site-specific evaluation of corrosion rates and mechanisms to select appropriate metal grades for project wells. In this study, we present a workflow to evaluate various corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) in downhole environments that could be encountered in CO2 injection projects.Methods, Procedures, Process: Preliminary corrosion modeling was conducted using available site-specific data and CO2 stream composition to evaluate potential metallurgies for lab testing. Four test metallurgies, super 13 chrome, 15 chrome, 17 chrome, and duplex 22 chrome, were tested for metal loss at downhole conditions. A 30-day exposure test was conducted in an autoclave assembly at the anticipated bottomhole pressure and temperature. A detailed post-test analysis was conducted to investigate the metal loss, dominant corrosion mechanisms and possible explanations for corrosion rate trends.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Applying the minimum design criteria of 0.05 mm\/year (~2 mils\/year), only S13Cr and 22Cr passed lab investigations with corrosion rates of 0.024 mm\/year (0.94 mils\/year) and 0.02 mm\/year (0.8 mils\/year), respectively. From a pitting standpoint, only 22Cr met the minimum design criteria since all other metallurgies developed pits ranging from 1.0-1.3 mm\/year (40-53 mils\/year). While elements such as molybdenum could significantly increase pitting resistance, presence of other elements like copper could potentially accelerate localized corrosion attacks. Corrosion rates measured in lab tests were noted to be an order of magnitude higher than those predicted by OLI for both corrosion rate and pitting depth rates.Significance\/Novelty: This study presents a testing and evaluation methodology that could be applied to CRA evaluations in CCUS settings. Given renewed focus on tubular compatibility with CO2 stream from project designers and regulators, this study provides modeling and testing based insights on screening materials for compatibility as well as learnings that could explain trends and differences between modeling and testing results for corrosion rates.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Evaluating Near-Wellbore Corrosive Conditions in CO2 Injection Wells: A Risk-Based Approach<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Saeed*, J. Torres-Rivero, F. N. Mahmood, W. Peck, L. Pekot, N. Kalenze and K. Connors\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of North Dakota)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study evaluates near-wellbore corrosion risk during CO2 injection into a sandstone formation by analyzing the coupled effects of water vaporization and CO2\u2013brine\u2013rock interactions. CO2 dissolution in formation brine creates an acidic environment that can accelerate casing and tubular corrosion. Understanding these geochemical conditions is critical for selecting well materials and developing operational strategies that ensure the long-term integrity of CO2 storage sites.Methods, Procedures, Process: A high-resolution reactive transport model was developed to simulate near-wellbore geochemical and physical processes during CO2 injection, shut-in, and restart periods. The model represented a saline sandstone formation using site-specific data from the Williston Basin. It integrated thermodynamic, transport, and geochemical reactions to quantify pH evolution, mineral buffering, and water vaporization\u2014key factors influencing corrosion potential. A risk-based assessment framework was proposed and then applied to link variations in water mobility and geochemical parameters directly to corrosive conditions.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Model results showed that pH reduces to below 4 in the near-wellbore region as a result of the CO2 injection and carbonic acid creation. However, mineral reactions, particularly with carbonate minerals, exhibited a strong buffering effect that moderates acidity over time. The combined effects of acid generation and mineral buffering produced a mildly acidic environment (pH \u2248 4\u20135). During shut-in, some flowback occurred, but the model predicted no significant imbibition, allowing the dry-out zone to persist. The resulting distribution of water saturation and mobility governed corrosion risk by controlling the corrosive brine contact potential with the wellbore material.Significance\/Novelty: The main operational recommendations include using site-specific data for a more accurate corrosion risk assessment, minimizing backflow and preserving the dry-out zone by maintaining continuous injection as operationally feasible, perforating the full net thickness of the storage interval to maximize the extent of the dry-out zone, and designing monitoring wells based on predicted geochemical conditions. The proposed risk-based framework provides a quantifiable method to identify and mitigate corrosion-prone regions. These findings offer a practical approach for assessing corrosion risk and optimizing material selection without resorting to overly conservative or costly well designs.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CO2 Corrosion Workshop Learnings and Communication of Gaps in Operational Knowledge<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. J. Spencer*<sup>1<\/sup> and A. Aylor<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Baker Hughes; 2. ExxonMobil)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The paper presented here will discuss the main learnings and propose gaps in research or operational knowledge that will prove useful for future CO2 storage projects.Methods, Procedures, Process: In October 2025, a workshop was held to discuss modeling, monitoring, mitigation and real-world operational examples of CO2 corrosion prevention. This workshop was attended by and information shared by academia, service providers, operators as well as regulators from several states. Topics included Chemistry &amp; Metallurgy, Operational Design, Material Testing &amp; Selection, Case Histories, Surveillance &amp; Monitoring and Remediation.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Learnings include the simplification of the monitoring wells at the Decatur Campus from ADM. Several gaps in operational knowledge were identified that may need to be addressed through further research and testing such as limitations on existing technology for corrosion-based monitoring using EM and MFL type instruments in high chrome tubulars. Several other topics will be presented in the full manuscript.Significance\/Novelty: In June 2024, the United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 6 issued a notice to all Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class VI CO2 Injection applicants. The notice was to ensure that well construction material exposed to CO2 and water that\u2019s lower than 22 Chrome duplex steel would require detailed lab work and\/or corrosion modeling to ensure suitability for potentially low-pH environments. The analysis must consider the injectate composition, reservoir conditions, possible stress cases, and other relevant factors. This update highlights the need and urgency of careful consideration of metallurgies for CCS wells, since higher grades of corrosion resistant alloys come with significant cost and lead times.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Materials Selection Approach for CCS Well Completions \u2013 Experience vs. Qualification Testing<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK. A. Esaklul*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Occidental Petroleum Corp)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Share experience of how CCS wells completion are doneMethods, Procedures, Process: Review of past CO2 EOR experience Idenfiy differences between EOR and CCS Methods for evaluation of corrosion risk Approach to materials selectionResults, Observations, Conclusions: This presentation will discuss the various options and approaches for selecting materials for completion of CCS wells including the effect of CO2 composition, level of impurities, formation characteristics in terms of pressure, temperature and formation water chemistry. These factors combined with expected injection and design life play a major role in selecting the materials and test conditions used to qualify materials. Results from various published work and in house testing will highlight the challenges in qualifying materials to meet Class VI sequestration wells.Significance\/Novelty: Inform the community of the selection process and avaliable options\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 6: Subsurface Risk Management<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:35 PM &#8211; 5:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAli Tura, Jenny Joyce\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Are the Fears Justified? Observations of Gulf Coast Fault Seal and Implications for CCS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Bump* and N. Espinoza\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Texas at Austin)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is growing rapidly on the Gulf Coast, bringing with it both new opportunities and new stakeholders, including emitters, regulators and public, many of whom have no subsurface experience, but who do have a voice in permitting CCS projects. A primary concern for these new stakeholders is the fear that injected CO2 will leak, with faults and legacy wells commonly cited as potential leakage paths. We focus here on faults. Some regulators and research groups simply suggest avoiding all faults, but that is hard to do in a place like the Gulf Coast, where faults are both common and widespread. In the world of petroleum, many faults are known to trap major hydrocarbon accumulations, which raises the possibility of using hydrocarbon analogs to calibrate and derisk predictions of fault-related fluid flow for CCS.Methods, Procedures, Process: We review 13 volumes\u2019 worth of Gulf Coast hydrocarbon field descriptions and document over 200 examples of faults that clearly trap and retain hydrocarbons for geologic time. Additionally, we document about 20 examples of faults that clearly allow across-fault hydrocarbon flow, plus another 10 that may allow limited flow up the fault plane, which raises the possibility of identifying leakage mechanisms and calibrating predictions. We use geologic characterization, buoyancy pressure calculation to test competing hypotheses and define minimum seal capacities.Results, Observations, Conclusions: We show that: 1. Gulf Coast faults can and do seal very large pressure differences; 2. There is a maximum observed pressure differential at any given depth that fits a predicted fault reactivation pressure; 3. Most columns fall far short of this limit--we interpret these as limited by capilary properties rather than geomechanics; 4. Fault seal capacity is indistinguishable from top-seal capacity; 5.Self-juxtaposed reservoirs reliably allow cross-fault migration but not up-fault migration; 6. CCS operators can effectively eliminate the risk of fault-related leakage by injecting into flat-lying reservoirs, such that CO2 has no opportunity to build column height (ie, significant buoyancy pressure)Significance\/Novelty: Identification of leakage mechanisms and definition of the line between seal and leak allows us build confidence in predictions of fault seal performance for CCS. Beyond that however, it also suggests new storage play concepts that avoid the problem altogether, lowering the risk for operators and providing assurance for regulators and the public.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Legacy Wells in CCS: Evaluating Self-Sealing Potential and Implications for Containment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Bhagwat* and V. Gupta\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(ExxonMobil)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Legacy wells in CCS projects may pose containment risks if the original P&amp;A is assessed to be lacking fully compliant CCS barriers. To guide reentry &amp; remediation decisions, the industry is moving towards individual well risk assessment using scenario-based leakage modeling; it does not rely on self-sealing potential of wellbores that could significantly reduce or eliminate leakage pathways, mitigating the need to remediate. Mechanisms leading to self-sealing such as collapse, creep, and swelling have long been studied in oil and gas industry; creeping shale has even been approved by some regulators as a P&amp;A barrier. We propose to leverage this knowledge base to evaluate self-sealing potential in legacy wells and its implications with a focus on the US Gulf Coast (USGC).Methods, Procedures, Process: We explore required data and validation techniques, and factors influencing self-sealing effectiveness, including well architecture, sealing location along the wellbore, and plume interactions. Using lab data from cuttings\/cores, literature, and field analogues, we identify indicators for sealing prone formations typical in USGC. Using existing modeling tools typically used in O&amp;G, a workflow was developed to assess sand and shale collapse, and extended to estimate debris fill height and effective permeability of the wellbore in the constricted and collapsed zones. Shale creep was modeled using finite element methods in conjunction with lab measured or analog data. These results were used in a brine leakage model to quantify leakage risk mitigation due to self-sealing.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Lab tests along with modeling result show propensity of USGC formations to naturally fail and seal the legacy wellbores. Shale creep is seen to be a viable mechanism for open annuli closure. Wellbore collapse results combined with the leakage model indicate orders of magnitude reduction in the leakage. Sensitivity analyses reveal that debris permeability and height are important parameters in governing containment potential.Significance\/Novelty: This work outlines an approach that, with field validation studies, could develop into a reliable method for assessing reentry and remediation needs for legacy wells with open wellbores or annuli. Additionally, considering the unique geological conditions of each CCS site, the workflow can be tailored and adapted for site-specific analysis. We also present ideas on testing and data collection methods during legacy well re-entries to demonstrate natural sealing occurrence.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Integrating Pressure Front and Fault Slip Potential Modeling as a Best Practice in Class VI Permitting: A Review of Current Projects<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Yezerski*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Gulf Companies)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Pressure-front modeling and fault slip analysis are two critical and interdependent components of Class VI carbon sequestration permitting. As projects advance from conceptual design to injection under both EPA and state-delegated primacy programs, regulators increasingly expect quantitative evidence that injection-induced pressure increases will not activate existing faults. This presentation reviews permitted and proposed Class VI projects where seismic risk is mitigated through integrated pressure front and fault slip potential (FSP) modeling, demonstrating how coupling these analyses enhances containment assurance and supports a transparent basis for regulatory approval.Methods, Procedures, Process: The study synthesizes recent Class VI applications to document accepted practices and highlight areas for process improvement. Case studies illustrate where additional workflows augmenting the Area of Review (AoR) delineation can be beneficial\u2014specifically by applying Mohr\u2013Coulomb failure criteria alongside dynamically simulated pore pressure changes, and by conducting sensitivity testing to evaluate uncertainty in permeability, stress orientation, and boundary conditions. This integrated approach emphasizes reproducibility and defensible modeling assumptions consistent with regulatory expectations.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Findings show that incorporating FSP modeling into AoR analysis yields more defensible delineations while minimizing unnecessary spatial overextension of modeled impact areas. Coupling reservoir and geomechanical models improves predictive accuracy for both pressure-front migration and long-term containment assurance. Sensitivity analyses further guide conservative yet realistic parameter selection in regulatory submissions, strengthening both transparency and confidence in model results.Significance\/Novelty: Integrating pressure-front and fault slip assessments provides a consistent, quantitative framework for evaluating seismic risk associated with CO2 injection while formal federal and state guidance continues to evolve. This unified approach enables regulators, operators, and stakeholders to assess containment integrity based on clear, physics-driven criteria, addressing fault activation potential not as a separate concern but as a direct extension of AoR analysis.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Wabamun Carbon Hub Development Journey<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT. Ibatullin*, R. Bergeron, F. Khan, A. Currie and J. Kler\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Enbridge)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This presentation describes the development of the Open Access Wabamun Carbon Hub, a CO2 transportation and geologic storage hub located north and west of Edmonton, Alberta, designed to serve large emitters in the Alberta Industrial Heartland. The objective is to share practical strategies and lessons learned for de-risking and commercializing a large-scale carbon hub, addressing both technical and non-technical challenges.Methods, Procedures, Process: Following the acquisition of evaluation rights, a multidisciplinary program was carried out: drilling and testing of evaluation wells provided subsurface data for reservoir characterization; laboratory core analyses refined the petrophysical and geomechanical models; large-scale 3D seismic acquisition and interpretation reduced structural uncertainty and guided future well placement, and provided a baseline for future plume monitoring. Static and dynamic reservoir modeling quantified storage capacity and optimized the well count and sequestration strategy. In parallel, a fit-for-purpose Monitoring, Measurement, and Verification (MMV) and Risk Management plans were developed to ensure safety, comply with regulatory standards, and maintain cost-efficiency. Furthermore, injection and monitoring wells were designed for the hub, pipeline engineering and route selection were completed, and environmental baseline studies, regulatory pathway mapping, and structured engagement with stakeholders and emitters aligned project phasing with decarbonization timelines.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Concurrent maturation of subsurface characterization, MMV design, pipeline planning, and stakeholder engagement has optimized the time to storage, streamlined the regulatory process, and better synchronized storage readiness with emitter decarbonization schedules.Significance\/Novelty: The lessons and integrated workflow presented can be replicable for the development of other CO2 sequestration hubs.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-tab-content\" id=\"day-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Keynote\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #667eea;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Keynote Presentation<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM &#8211; 9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Keynote\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8:15 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">ExxonMobil Technical Perspectives on CCUS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Agnew*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(ExxonMobil)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Poster\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #43e97b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Student Poster Session<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center North\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Experimental Study of the Geochemical and Mineralogical Changes in the Woodford Caprock Exposed to Carbon Dioxide Saturated Brine<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK. Boateng*, A. Ayensigna, E. Agyei and H. Rahnema\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the geochemical reactivity and mineral alteration of the Woodford caprock when exposed to CO2 brine under simulated reservoir conditions.The focus is to understand how mineral dissolution, precipitation, and fluid\u2013rock interactions affect caprock integrity and sealing efficiency during long-term CO2 storage.The scope of the work includes experimental, and imaging analyses performed on crushed samples to assess mineralogical changes,fracture evolution and structural stability relevant to CO2 sequestration.Methods, Procedures, Process: The workflow begins with preparation of crushed, sieved (106\u2013150 \u00b5m) and oven-dried caprock.Sample was then reacted with synthetic brine formulated to match in-situ formation water chemistry (Na+,Ca, Mg2+,Cl-,SO42-).The prepared samples were placed in sealed high-pressure reactors and exposed to CO2 brine at 2000 psi and 138\u00b0C for a duration of 2 months to simulate reservoir conditions.Pre and Post-reaction analyses involved Thin Sections, XRD and SEM with EDS to characterize mineralogical changes, secondary phase development and microstructural evolution resulting from CO2 brine interaction.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Observations revealed clear evidence of carbonate dissolution, accompanied by minor clay alteration.Thin-section and SEM imaging showed localized increases in micro-porosity from intergranular dissolution, precipitation of secondary calcite and fine-grained clays partially filling newly developed voids.XRD analysis confirmed a relative reduction in carbonate phases and subtle enrichment in silicate and clay minerals, dominated by dissolution\u2013precipitation .Minor microfracture widening was also detected, although no large-scale structural damage occurred.While early dissolution processes enhance pore connectivity, subsequent mineral precipitation acts to stabilize the rock fabric preserving low permeability and sealing capacity over time.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides a detailed experimental assessment of Woodford Caprock under CO2 rich conditions, integrating petrographic, mineralogical and microtextural data to interpret geochemical changes within the caprock.Findings demonstrate that CO2 brine exposure triggers both destructive and restorative mineral reactions, with an overall trend toward self-sealing behavior that reinforces caprock integrity. These results improve understanding of seal performance and supply essential inputs for reactive transport modeling and risk assessment in subsurface carbon storage applications.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">From Laboratory Measurements to Reservoir Scale: Estimation of CO2 storage capacity in Shale Formations by Coupling GCMC and SLD Density Predictions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Yao*<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Paker<sup>1<\/sup>, J. He<sup>2<\/sup>, R. Ratnakar<sup>1<\/sup> and B. Dindoruk<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Texas A&amp;M University; 2. universiry of illinois Urbana-Champaign)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into geological formations, especially for depleted oil and gas reservoirs helps reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. Thorough quantification of CO2 adsorption behavior in shale formations is crucial for ensuring caprock integrity, optimizing storage capacity, and de-risking carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects. These parameters also inform enhanced oil recovery (EOR), enhanced gas recovery (EGR), and gas-storage applications (CH4, H2, CO2).Methods, Procedures, Process: In this study, we present an integrated experimental and numerical investigation of CO2 adsorption behavior in shale formations, with the objective of estimating storage capacity relevant to geological carbon sequestration. Transient adsorption measurements were conducted using a Magnetic Suspension Balance (MSB) at temperatures between 50 and 110 \u00b0C and pressures up to 4,000 psi. To improve the accuracy of adsorption isotherms and storage-capacity calculations, the adsorption-phase density was independently predicted using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and the Simplified Local Density (SLD) model (He and Dindoruk, 2020; Dindoruk et al.; Negahban et al.). These predictions were integrated into the modeling framework to quantify their impact on adsorption and storage estimates.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Comparing GCMC, SLD, and experimental results clarifies each approach\u2019s suitability and limits for predicting adsorption-phase behavior under reservoir conditions. Our findings show that explicitly accounting for adsorption-phase density enhances the accuracy of CO2 uptake characterization and storage capacity prediction in the rock sample. This has even implications in the context of cap-rock evaluation where adsorbed amounts can be a factor for long term availability of CO2 for slower reactions. Integration of experimental data and modeling techniques provides a robust framework for improving storage capacity assessments and adsorption modeling in tight systems, with direct implications for CO2 containment for CCUS and EOR\/EGR applications in low-permeability reservoirs.Significance\/Novelty: The results provide practical insights for optimizing CCUS, EGR, and gas-storage strategies by improving the accuracy of storage-capacity evaluation. In addition, measurements on relatively small samples enable the detection of heterogeneity at the core scale, offering a more robust understanding of scale-dependent behavior and facilitating the upscaling of adsorption characteristics to the reservoir level.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Assessing CO2 Storage Potential within the Sunda Strait, Offshore Indonesia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. R. Maulana*<sup>1<\/sup>, T. A. Meckel<sup>2<\/sup>, C. Uroza<sup>2<\/sup> and D. Ralanarko<sup>3<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Texas at Austin; 2. Bureau of Economic Geology; 3. Pertamina Hulu Energi)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Indonesia\u2019s Net Zero Emissions 2050 target urges the need for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) activity. Saline aquifers offer one of the most promising yet underexplored storage options. This study will assess the Sunda Strait area in western Indonesia as a potential CO2 storage in the Oligocene-Miocene Talang Akar Formation (TAF). The TAF consists of thick, porous, and laterally continuous sandstones interbedded with shales in a half-graben tectonic setting. According to Sukanto (1998), it is subdivided into the Zelda Group (Late Oligocene) and the overlying Gita Group (Early Miocene). The Middle-Upper Zelda interval is designated as the primary storage target and the overlying shale-prone Gumai Formation provides a regionally extensive seal. Fault-bounded compartments and stratigraphic variability provide the potential trapping mechanisms.Methods, Procedures, Process: Subsurface evaluation integrates geological and geophysical analyses. Five wells are examined to characterize lithology, porosity, and permeability. 2D and 3D seismic data, tied to wells, were used to map the Gumai seal, the Upper Zelda top, and the Middle Zelda base in order to define the structural configuration of the reservoir. RMS amplitude attributes are applied to delineate sand presence and distribution throughout the Area of Interest. Quantification of CO2 storage capacity, using EASiTool (a public software developed at GCCC-BEG), will be performed with consideration of geological factors, such as area, sand thickness, porosity, permeability, and reservoir pressure.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Well-log interpretation reveals sandstone-dominated sequences up to 700\u2013800 m thick. Structural mapping identifies about 52 faults, including a major half-graben fault in the east and multiple growth faults in the west, which define a 38 \u00d7 51 km^2 focus area. These faults likely would not pose any risk of CO2 leakage since they are distant from the storage target, which it is located within a structural syncline. RMS attribute analysis shows the highest sandstone concentration in a central depocenter, located within the syncline. This would be the most favorable zone for CO2 storage.Significance\/Novelty: Despite Indonesia\u2019s plan to initiate 15 CCS projects, CCS studies in Indonesia are still very limited despite its huge CO2 storage potential. This study provides one of the first integrated geological evaluations offshore Indonesia and characterize the Sunda Strait as a potential CCS hub to support commercial-scale CO2 storage operations in the country.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4428612.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Integrating Digital Rock Physics for Advanced Pore Scale Characterization of a Storage Complex With Implications in CO2 Injection<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tW. Marfo*<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Ampomah<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Biswas<sup>1<\/sup> and T. Bratton<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; 2. Tom Bratton LLC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study advances pore-scale characterization of reservoir rocks by integrating Digital Rock Physics (DRP) to quantify pore geometry, grain fabric, and multiphase flow behavior. By linking pore structure to fluid transport, it evaluates how microscopic properties influence CO2 injection dynamics and plume migration, improving prediction and monitoring of storage performance in the Entrada Sandstone of the San Wan Basin.Methods, Procedures, Process: High-resolution micro-CT imaging of Entrada samples was used to digitally segment pore spaces from mineral phases. Pore size distribution was quantified using granulometry and porosimetry, while Digital Routine and Special Core Analysis estimated porosity, connectivity, and multiphase flow parameters relevant to CO2 injection. Percolation and permeability analyses were performed along principal flow directions, and laboratory core plug data (25.4 mm \u00d7 76.2 mm) were used to validate DRP results, ensuring robust CO2 storage predictions.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Pore-scale analysis revealed that pore throat distribution, grain arrangement, and mineral orientation are the primary controls on permeability, anisotropy, and connectivity, influencing fluid migration and trapping. These heterogeneities form preferential flow networks and barriers that govern CO2 injectivity and long-term storage efficiency. Although porosity from DRP and experiments were nearly identical, simulated permeability was about six times higher, emphasizing the sensitivity of flow to microstructural features often missed by bulk measurements. Coordination number analysis showed strong correlation with permeability, where higher connectivity enhanced flow and CO2 mobility. Relative permeability simulations indicated pronounced hysteresis, with wettability strongly impacting residual trapping and sweep efficiency. Archie\u2019s exponents (m, n) derived from resistivity curves improved water saturation estimation, enhancing CO2 plume tracking and monitoring accuracy.Significance\/Novelty: Overall, this study demonstrates that pore-scale analysis provides critical insight into permeability, connectivity, and trapping efficiency by directly resolving microstructural features that control CO2 migration and storage, improving prediction accuracy and reliability of carbon capture and storage (CCS) site design.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4430850.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Evaluating CO2 Storage Potential in the Volta Basin of Ghana<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE. B. Nsarful* and P. Jaiswal\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Oklahoma State University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Using a previously unpublished set of 2D seismic profiles, this research evaluates the long-term viability of geological carbon storage (GCS) in the Volta Basin of Ghana with a focus on the sealing integrity of the Cryogenian unconformity and its overlying Kodjari \u201cTraid\u201d formation. The objective of this research is to evaluate two contrasting end-member hypotheses. In the first, the Cryogenian unconformity itself acts as a regionally effective seal over the Kwahu group reservoirs. In the second hypothesis, only the post-glacial Kodjari \u201ctriad\u201d (basal tillite, cap carbonate, and bedded chert) provides an effective seal within paleovalleys above the Cryogenian unconformity.Methods, Procedures, Process: We interpreted twenty-five 2D seismic profiles in Petrel and PaleoScan, mapping four regionally traceable horizons that bracket the target interval. We carried out seismic attribute analysis, structural mapping, and stratigraphic correlations to outline the edges of the paleovalleys, delineate faults and confirm internal stratification within the reservoir units. We then correlated stratigraphy from literature with seismic facies to develop geo-seismic models of the basin&#039;s architecture. We then generated thickness maps of the reservoirs and seal, and combined these into a composite structural map to de-risk potential CO2 storage sites.Results, Observations, Conclusions: This first hypothesis is supported by the basin-wide expression of a bright, high-amplitude RMS reflector that coincides with the unconformity surface, consistent with a low-permeability shale drape, diamictite matrix, or cemented horizon. If correct, the entire underlying Kwahu Group sandstones would be available for CO2 storage, offering a large and laterally continuous reservoir volume. In the second hypothesis, only the Kodjari post-glacial \u201ctriad\u201d (basal tillite, cap carbonate, and bedded chert) provides an effective seal. Because this package thickens appreciably only in paleovalleys, and thins out or is absent on paleo highs, storage capacity would be restricted to patchy and structurally controlled traps.Significance\/Novelty: This research utilizes newly acquired 2D seismic data in a basin that lacked seismic data coverage, thus providing new subsurface information, perspective and understanding. Our work lays foundation for the necessity of a focused two-well drilling program with recommended well tests, to evaluate the sealing capacity of the Cryogenian unconformity and Kodjari post-glacial triad, and subsequently test the viability of CO2 storage in the Volta basin.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Seismic Inversion for Carbon Storage in the Semliki Basin: Unraveling Reservoir Suitability in a Rifted Margin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Adedokun*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Oklahoma State University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study investigates the carbon storage potential of the Semliki Basin, a structurally complex rifted margin in western Uganda, through post-stack seismic inversion and multi-well log analysis. Despite being under-explored for Carbon storage, rift basins hold significant promise due to their sedimentary thickness, trap diversity, and burial history. Our research aims to characterize the subsurface reservoir and seal architecture to assess containment integrity and reservoir quality.Methods, Procedures, Process: We integrated a 3D seismic dataset with well logs from three vertical wells: Turaco-1, Turaco-2, and Turaco-3. A model-based post-stack seismic inversion workflow was employed and the steps included seismic-to-well calibration, statistical and deterministic wavelet extraction, and low-frequency model building. Formation tops were picked for Oluka, Kakara, Kasande and Kisegi units and tied to seismic reflectors. Crossplots of inverted P-impedance and porosity from multiple wells were used to identify potential reservoir zones. RMS and instantaneous amplitude attributes were also extracted for stratigraphic interpretation, while curvature attributes supported fault mapping. Structural interpretation helped assess fault-bounded closures and sealing potential.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The inversion produced well-calibrated P-impedance volumes that revealed impedance contrasts correlating with facies boundaries. The Kakara Formation exhibits moderate porosity (up to 16%) and impedance ranges favorable for Carbon injection. Fault-related closures were mapped along the basin flanks, offering promising containment structures. Curvature attributes highlight structural complexity, especially at the Oluka-Kakara interface. Preliminary reservoir classification suggests multiple zones with adequate thickness and lateral continuity for safe Carbon storage.Significance\/Novelty: This work offers the first integrated geophysical and petrophysical study focused on Carbon storage in the Semliki Basin. By leveraging post-stack inversion, crossplots, and structural analysis, we advance understanding of rift basin suitability for CCUS. These results support future site screening efforts in East Africa and underscore the need for tailored characterization workflows in geologically complex settings.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Toward Net Zero: Unlocking Carbon Storage Potential in the Southern North Sea<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Gupta<sup>1<\/sup>, B. Heerdink*<sup>1<\/sup>, E. Hoque<sup>1<\/sup>, R. Abrar<sup>1<\/sup>, O. Adeboboye<sup>2<\/sup>, A. Chowdhury<sup>3<\/sup>, R. Pollyea<sup>1<\/sup> and B. Romans<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Virginia Tech; 2. Georgia Institute of Technology; 3. University of Texas at Dallas)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Southern North Sea (SNS) is a mature hydrocarbon basin that is now being strategically repurposed for large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), supporting the UK energy transition objectives of achieving Net-Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050. Effective CCS deployment in the SNS requires a comprehensive evaluation of the reservoirs and seals, as well as the identification of viable CO2 sources and cost-effective transport solutions. As part of the SEG EVOLVE 2025-2026 program, this project delivers an integrated source-to-sink assessment for SNS Block 49, targeting injection rates of 3-10 million tonnes per annum (MTPA).Methods, Procedures, Process: The primary storage targets are the Triassic Bunter Sandstone (a deep saline aquifer) and the Permian Leman Sandstone (a depleted gas reservoir), confined by the regional R\u00f6t Halite and Zechstein seals, respectively. Reservoir heterogeneities are quantified using seismic attributes, while key fault systems and legacy wells are analyzed to assess potential CO2 migration pathways and containment risks. Reservoir quality and capacity are evaluated by integrating 3D seismic data, well logs, and petrophysical parameters to simulate the migration and containment of CO2 plumes.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Beyond subsurface modeling, the study identifies prospective CO2 sources and capture technologies, assesses pipeline and shipping transport options, and outlines surface facility layouts and compression\/injection infrastructure to support the 3-10 MTPA operational envelope. Monitoring, Measurement, and Verification (MMV) strategies are developed to ensure conformance and long-term storage integrity in line with UK regulatory standards. The economic assessment incorporates carbon pricing mechanisms to evaluate project feasibility.Significance\/Novelty: The results highlight the strategic advantage of a stacked storage configuration, with two vertically separated reservoirs in close stratigraphic proximity. This arrangement provides operational flexibility, facilitates phased injection, and enhances storage security, while also requiring careful assessment of inter-reservoir seal integrity, pressure communication, and fault containment to ensure long-term CO2 retention in the Southern North Sea.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Assessment of CO2 Storage Potentials and Long-Term Containment Risk in the Australian Cooper Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. M. Rijiya*, N. Thomas, V. Towoju, J. Hlavac, Q. Kalu, A. Elshennawey and A. Trinh\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Cooper Basin, one of Australia\u2019s mature petroleum provinces, presents a compelling opportunity for long-term carbon capture and storage (CCS). The basin is well-suited for CCS due to its existing infrastructure, thick sedimentary successions, and well-constrained reservoir-seal framework. As part of the SEG Evolve Carbon Solutions program, we characterize the storage potential of depleted gas reservoirs and saline aquifers of two primary target storage intervals: the Toolachee Formation (Late Permian) and the Patchawarra Formation (Early Permian) and their long-term storage security, particularly the possibility of leakage through legacy wells that intersect these reservoirs.Methods, Procedures, Process: Wireline logs from 95 wells, together with a regional 3D depth-migrated seismic volume, are interpreted to develop the structural framework and subsurface characterization of the study area. This integrated analysis aims to delineate potential CO2 storage targets and assess reservoir quality. Petrophysical properties and lithologic descriptions are incorporated into a static model, which serves as the foundation for dynamic flow simulations to evaluate injectivity, predict CO2 plume migration, and assess long-term storage security.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Petrophysical evaluations demonstrate that the Toolachee and Patchawarra formations are highly heterogeneous, with interbedded sandstones, mudstones, coals, and conglomerates creating internal baffles that can inhibit CO2 plume vertical migration. This heterogeneity, combined with their thickness and distribution, makes both units strong candidates for long-term storage. Overlying these reservoirs, the Triassic mudstones and siltstones of the Nappamerri Group form a laterally extensive and reliable sealing unit.Significance\/Novelty: The study integrates geophysics, petrophysics, and dynamic modeling to advance CCS evaluations in the Cooper Basin. Beyond identifying new injection candidates, it emphasizes the importance of evaluating long-term storage security in a mature petroleum province intersected by numerous legacy wells. The outcomes will inform strategies for safe, efficient, and scalable CO2 storage in the Cooper Basin and offer transferable insights for similar mature basins globally.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Wellborne: A Platform for Standardized Legacy Well Integrity Screening and Class VI Well Permitting<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tW. Utaman*, T. Nguyen, W. Ampomah and T. Nguyen\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(New Mexico Tech)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Securing geological carbon storage requires a preemptive, standardized, and quantitative assessment of legacy wells within the area of review. To bridge the gap between complex regulatory frameworks and actionable field decisions, this work introduces the Wellborne platform, existing as a desktop application that operationalizes the first standardized quantitative risk framework designed to support \u201cgo\/no-go\u201d decisions for U.S. EPA Class VI permit applications.Methods, Procedures, Process: The core of Wellborne is built on the \u201cpractical accuracy over unnecessary precision\u201d philosophy. It translates a strategic three-pillar methodology into a practical tool: (1) generating a definitive numerical risk score to unify communication across technical, corporate, and regulatory stakeholders; (2) being rooted in petroleum engineering first principles; and (3) ensuring compliance with NORSOK D-010, U.S. CFR, and the U.S. DOE NETL Risk Register. The platform quantifies risk across six diagnostic domains\u2014Well Identity, Well Design, Freshwater Protection, Well Integrity, Primary Barrier, and Secondary Barrier\u2014through a transparent hierarchical structure (attribute \u00e0 domain \u00e0 score-based prioritization). This design pinpoints not just if a well is high priority, but why.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In a case study from a Permian Basin CarbonSAFE Phase II project, the Wellborne platform screened 38 legacy wells. The analysis identified that only 50% of them penetrated the primary confining zone. Of these, four were flagged as high priority without requiring immediate corrective actions. The platform also revealed specific wells with a high potential for interzonal CO2 crossflow. The integrated, domain-based analysis proved that while well designs are often similar, their operational history and barrier integrity are the critical factors differentiating risk. This insight supports high-impact and data-driven decisions, justifying additional permit requests. The model maintained a conservative, acceptable false-positive rate, a design feature that inherently prioritizes caution in its screening assessments.Significance\/Novelty: Wellborne transcends a mere framework; it is a new benchmark and the first industrial-strength tool to deliver a standardized quantitative risk score, enabling project teams to prioritize investment and investigation with confidence. It provides a reliable, minimalist-effort tool for efficacious risk management from the engineering level to executive strategy, derisking the path to Class VI well permitting.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4424932.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Geomechanical Alterations of Reservoir and Crystalline Rocks under Supercritical CO2 Injection : Experimental Insights for Reservoir Management and Energy Generation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. Noija*, A. Shabdirova and R. Okoroafor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study investigates the geomechanical and mineralogical alterations that occur in representative reservoir and crystalline rocks during interaction with sCO2\u2013brine. The study aims to establish a comparative framework that links rock type and mineral reactivity to deformation behavior and storage performance under CO2 injection conditions by integrating mechanical, structural, and compositional characterization.Methods, Procedures, Process: Six lithologies, Limestone, Sandstone, Dolomite, Shale, Dunite, and Granite, were subjected to controlled laboratory experiments simulating reservoir conditions (80 \u00b0C and 1100 psi) for 7 days. The reservoir rocks underwent flooding while the igneous rocks were placed in an autoclave batch reactor. Core samples were analyzed before and after exposure using a combination of CT\/micro-CT imaging, UCS, XRD, and porosity\u2013permeability measurements. The experimental workflow enabled direct correlation between mineralogical transformations and mechanical property changes, revealing the coupled chemical-mechanical effects of CO2 injection on rock properties.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The results demonstrate that geomechanical weakening and microstructural reorganization are strongly lithology-dependent. Carbonate rocks exhibited dissolution-dominated reactions, leading to increased porosity and permeability, accompanied by a reduction of up to 40% in UCS. Clastic rocks exhibited moderate strength loss (10\u201320%) due to fines migration and clay swelling, with a corresponding reduction in permeability of up to 50%. Crystalline rocks (granite and ultramafic) retained most of their strength but developed localized microcracks and mineral- boundary carbonation zones. Ultramafic samples exhibited early signs of serpentinization\u2013carbonation and significant reduction in rock strength. These findings emphasize the importance of systematic lithology-based characterization to predict mechanical properties and reactive evolution during CO2 storage.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides a comparative evaluation of geomechanical and mineralogical responses across multiple rock types exposed to similar supercritical CO2\u2013brine conditions. The findings deliver a mechanistic understanding of how rock composition controls storage integrity and reactivity, which is relevant for CO2 reservoir management and risk assessment. Beyond carbon storage, the results have broader implications for CO2-assisted geothermal recovery and in-situ hydrogen generation, demonstrating the potential for multi-purpose subsurface use.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Quantification of Pressure-Dependent Fluid Invasion in Complex Mafic Microstructures for Carbon Mineralization and In Situ Metals Recovery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tO. Terry*<sup>1<\/sup>, T. Shen<sup>1<\/sup>, M. J. Dick<sup>2<\/sup>, D. Veselinovic<sup>2<\/sup>, Q. R. Miller<sup>3<\/sup>, T. Schaef<sup>3<\/sup> and S. Kelly<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Columbia University; 2. Green Imagining; 3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Characterization of subsurface basaltic formations is necessary for carbon sequestration and mineralization, and exploration of critical metals. This study aims to determine the accessibility of dual-porosity basalt pore systems as a function of saturation pressure for basalts of varied alteration states. The findings will inform unconventional core analysis methods and yield enhanced understanding of the interplay between accessible pore space and metal ion mobilization for CO2 mineralization and other subsurface applications.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study integrates nuclear magneetic resonance (NMR)- and mass-determined fluid uptake measurements on Columbia River Basalt Group sidewall cores with traditional mineralogical characterization to determine pressure-dependent fluid invasion as a function of pore type. Sidewall cores are from the Wallula Pilot Project borehole, which yielded anthropogenic carbonate nodules in basalt vesicles surrounded by a low-connectivity matrix ~2 years post-scCO2 injection. Clay volume (Vclay), a proxy for the degree of basalt alteration, and pore size distribution were quantified using multimodal image analysis and NMR. Pre-injection sidewall cores were subjected to varied fluid-invasion regimes, ranging between spontaneous imbibition and up to 8,500 PSI forced imbibition (or drainage) for water-air and D2O-decane fluid combinations.Results, Observations, Conclusions: In this study, Vclay is segmented from primary mineral components in the basalt matrix. Additionally, porosity contributions can be isolated by mineral type using NMR workflows. Vclay ranges between &lt;5% and 30%, with clay porosity contributing up to 60% towards total porosity in altered samples. Pressure-dependent fluid invasion times and changes in NMR-derived wetted pore size distributions are observed as a function of pore type and sample alteration for both spontaneous imbibition and forced imbibition\/drainage experiments.Significance\/Novelty: This study reveals that basalt clay minerals are fluid-accessible pores in matrices with low connectivity, which can be isolated from primary minerals and secondary minerals. Additionally, saturation breakthroughs can be attributed to different pore type, and therefore mineralogy, using NMR-derived pressure sensitivity analysis. These findings will inform exploration, SCAL characterization, and injection decisions for multiple applications involving mafic\/ultramafic rocks, particularly carbon mineralization and critical minerals recovery.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Impact of Supercritical CO2 Injection on Formation Breakdown Pressure and Total Storage Capacity: Application for CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Formation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tN. Truong*, S. Dang and C. Rai\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Oklahoma)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Deep saline formations offer vast CO2 storage potential, but capacity estimates are often overoptimized. Current practices typically assume water-based breakdown pressure (Pb), overlooking the distinct physical properties of CO2, which lead to fundamentally different fracturing behavior. Laboratory studies have shown that CO2 injection can reduce rock Pb by as much as 30% compared to water, which may lead to premature fracturing, seal failure, and overestimation of safe storage volumes. This study quantifies the impact of this CO2-specific Pb reduction on plume migration, trapping mechanisms, and storage integrity in a closed-boundary system.Methods, Procedures, Process: A two-phase reservoir model representing supercritical CO2 and brine was developed in CMG to simulate a 9,000 ft deep saline formation. The 100 \u00d7 100 \u00d7 16 grid represented a 375 ft sandstone reservoir overlain by a 100 ft shale caprock. A central well, perforated in four bottom layers, injected CO2 at 100,000 scf\/d, constrained by a 5,000 psi bottomhole pressure limit. The baseline Pb was 5,265 psi. The baseline Pb was set at 5,265 psi, consistent with theoretical and literature estimates. Sensitivity analyses examined Pb reductions of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% to simulate the reduction in Pb observed with CO2. Injection ceased upon reaching Pb, and CO2 trapping, plume radius, and storage capacity were evaluated over a 10-year shut-in.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulations confirm that CO2 storage capacity is highly sensitive to breakdown pressure, a key parameter governing the geomechanical constraint on storage potential. A 10% reduction in Pb resulted in a 17% loss of trapped CO2 mass after 10 years, while a 25% reduction led to an 87% capacity loss compared to the baseline. The plume radius also decreased correspondingly from ~320 ft at baseline to ~160 ft under 25% Pb reduction. These results highlight the strong coupling between geomechanical limits and storage outcomes, demonstrating that neglecting the significant Pb reduction unique to CO2 injection can lead to highly optimistic storage estimates. The findings confirm that Pb significantly controls CO2 migration, plume geometry, and trapping efficiency in closed-boundary systems.Significance\/Novelty: This study introduces a novel workflow that quantifies how CO2 injection reduces formation breakdown pressure, a critical effect that has been neglected in overoptimistic capacity forecasts. By linking geomechanics with plume dynamics, we provide a practical path to safer CCS design.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4441448.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Investigating CO2 Plume Dynamics in Deep Saline Aquifers during Geologic CO2 Sequestration Using Simulation and Data-Driven Models<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Anzuman*, A. Khanal and N. Daraboina\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Tulsa)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The capillary pressure and relative permeability exhibit substantial variability, even within the same rock type. This study focuses on understanding how capillary pressure, relative permeability hysteresis, and reservoir heterogeneity influence CO2 plume migration, gas saturation distribution, and pressure evolution in heterogeneous reservoirs.Methods, Procedures, Process: We used a compositional reservoir simulator to model ten years of supercritical CO2 injection in heterogeneous reservoir. The heterogeneity was represented by spatial variations in porosity and permeability derived from geostatistical distributions reflecting realistic reservoir variability. We took different unique combinations of pore entry pressure, van Genuchten fitting parameters, and non-wetting phase relative permeability as they affect capillary pressure and relative permeability curve to simulate different cases.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The simulations suggest that variations in capillary entry pressure appear to influence the vertical migration of CO2, with lower entry pressures generally promoting upward movement, while higher entry pressures seem to restrict it. The van Genuchten parameter (\u03bb) shows limited control over the overall spatial distribution of the plume. Relative permeability hysteresis appears to affect the amount of CO2 that becomes immobilized through capillary trapping, particularly in areas with high residual saturation. Introducing heterogeneity through variable porosity in the reservoir highlights that spatial variability can significantly impact both CO2 plume geometry and pressure propagation.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides new insights into the coupled effects of capillary pressure behavior, hysteresis, and reservoir heterogeneity on CO2 migration dynamics under realistic geological conditions. The results highlight that subtle variations in capillary entry pressure and pore-scale hysteresis can produce significant macroscopic differences in plume configuration and pressure distribution, particularly when amplified by reservoir heterogeneity. These findings contribute to improved understanding of multiphase flow processes relevant to CO2 storage performance, injectivity prediction, and long-term containment security in heterogeneous formations.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4433310.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Modeling Halite Precipitation and Injectivity Loss During CO2 Injection in Saline Aquifers: Insights from Compositional Reservoir Simulations<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Kumar* and S. Bakhshian\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Rice University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon storage in saline aquifers is a key strategy for large-scale CO2 sequestration. However, injectivity is often constrained by salt precipitation, particularly halite formation in the dry-out zone near injection wells, where CO2 displaces and evaporates brine. Through compositional reservoir simulations, this study investigates the conditions that control halite precipitation, quantifies its effect on injectivity, and evaluates operational strategies to mitigate formation damage.Methods, Procedures, Process: Numerical simulations are performed using the CMG-GEM compositional reservoir simulator to capture coupled multiphase flow and salt precipitation under realistic thermodynamic and geochemical conditions. Model scenarios systematically vary formation salinity, injection rate and temperature, capillary pressure and relative permeability of the formation, and reservoir heterogeneity to isolate key controls on halite distribution and permeability loss. Results are benchmarked against field data from Ketzin, Sn\u00f8hvit, and Aquistore CO2 injection sites, where wellbore salt accumulation has been documented. Sensitivity analyses identify parameter ranges that induce injectivity decline and evaluate mitigation strategies such as cyclic injection and controlled water co-injection.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulations show that higher formation salinity, injection rate, and temperature accelerate brine evaporation and halite buildup near the wellbore. Variations in capillary pressure and relative permeability control CO2-brine displacement efficiency and residual water saturation, influencing the extent and timing of dry-out. High capillary entry pressure and low endpoint relative permeability promote localized precipitation and earlier injectivity loss. Heterogeneity amplifies salt buildup in stagnant low flow zones, whereas water co-injection or reduced injection temperature can delay salt formation and preserve permeability. These results highlight the nonlinear coupling between thermodynamics, multiphase flow, and salt transport governing near-well behavior.Significance\/Novelty: This study presents a robust modeling assessment of halite precipitation during CO2 injection that integrates flow, phase behavior, and geochemical effects. Improved representation of salt dynamics in compositional simulators enhances predictive confidence in CO2 injectivity and storage capacity, offering practical guidance for well design and operational management, supporting more reliable and cost-effective deployment of geologic carbon storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Role of Wettability and CO2 Mineralization in Basalts<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP. M. Otabir* and A. Khanal\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(The University of Tulsa)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: While CO2 storage has traditionally focused on sedimentary formations, basaltic rocks have recently gained attention as promising targets because they have high mineral trapping potential, which depends on several factors, including wettability, which controls how fluids distribute and interact within the rock. Most earlier studies have examined either wettability or mineral trapping separately. Studies on wettability focus on how it influences residual and structural trapping, while mineralization studies emphasize reaction kinetics and pore structure changes. The combined influence of wettability on mineral precipitation and pore-scale evolution has not been fully explored. This study examines how different wettability conditions (water-wet, mixed-wet, and CO2-wet) affect the extent and spatial distribution of CO2 mineralization in basaltic reservoirs.Methods, Procedures, Process: A two-dimensional reactive transport model was developed to simulate CO2 injection into a basaltic formation containing representative silicate minerals groups. Wettability conditions were implemented through capillary pressure and relative permeability curves. The evolution of plume migration and trapping mechanisms was quantified by using key dimensionless parameters, including the capillary number and plume aspect ratio.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Across all wettability conditions, the CO2 plume exhibited upward migration due to buoyancy, but the water-wet system showed the broadest lateral plume spread and the highest proportion of residual trapping. These flow characteristics enhanced CO2\u2013brine\u2013mineral contact time, thereby promoting faster dissolution of silicate minerals and greater carbonate precipitation compared to the mixed-wet and CO2-wet systems. The CO2-wet condition exhibited stronger vertical migration and a lower capillary number, which limited capillary forces and reduced residual trapping. The enhanced reactivity in water-wet conditions also led to significant porosity reduction near the injection zone, indicating that mineralization-induced pore clogging may eventually hinder injectivity.Significance\/Novelty: This research offers practical guidance for CCUS developers and reservoir simulators to design safer and more reliable carbon storage strategies in basaltic formations. It highlights that wettability is a key factor controlling mineral reactions and overall storage performance and should be explicitly considered in large-scale modeling and project design.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4436779.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Forecasting CO2 Plume Evolution for Geological Carbon Storage in Vertically Layered Deep Saline Aquifers Using a Layer-Aware CNN-LSTM-FiLM Surrogate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tO. Akinyede*, O. Talabi and S. Misra\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate forecasting of CO2 plume evolution is critical for safe and effective geological carbon storage in deep saline aquifers. Plume migration is strongly influenced by vertically stacked stratigraphy and layer-scale permeability contrasts, yet resolving these effects with high-fidelity simulators remains computationally expensive. This study develops a layer-aware deep-learning surrogate for rapid prediction of CO2 plume geometry during injection and post-injection periods.Methods, Procedures, Process: A reproducible automated workflow was developed to generate high-fidelity compositional simulations of CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers (900\u20131500 m). Geological structure was represented using vertically layered stratigraphy with multiple stacking regimes and depth-dependent reservoir properties. Fixed-rate injection scenarios spanning 10\u201330 years were simulated, followed by 50 years of post-injection monitoring. Layer-wise plume diameter trajectories were extracted from saturation fields and used as supervised targets. A one-dimensional convolutional\u2013recurrent architecture with feature-wise linear modulation (CNN\u2013LSTM\u2013FiLM), augmented with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD-aux) regularization, was trained to forecast plume evolution across depth and time.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Full-physics simulations demonstrate that stratigraphic layering exerts a first-order control on plume geometry, with preferential lateral spreading within high-permeability layers and vertical impedance across lower-permeability intervals. The proposed surrogate accurately reproduces these layer-controlled plume behaviors while maintaining grid-scale geometric consistency. Once trained, the surrogate delivers plume forecasts in milliseconds per realization compared with approximately one hour per scenario for full-physics simulation, corresponding to an overall computational reduction of approximately three orders of magnitude.Significance\/Novelty: This work presents a layer-aware surrogate modeling framework that preserves stratigraphic structure while achieving substantial computational efficiency for geological carbon storage forecasting. By directly predicting layer-wise plume geometry over time, the approach enables rapid scenario evaluation and systematic assessment of plume evolution in layered saline aquifers.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443541.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Enhanced Geological Carbon Storage By Optimizing Co2-injection Strategy using Particle Swarm Optimization<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. Ren, O. Akinyede* and S. Misra\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study optimizes CO2 injection strategies in geological storage by integrating deep-learning surrogates with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The workflow designs injection schedules with variable rates and intermittent shut-ins to maximize residually and solubility trapped CO2 while minimizing structurally trapped CO2 under diverse geological settings. It demonstrates the potential of coupling surrogate models with optimization frameworks to enable efficient, data-driven decision-making for large-scale, long-term, and stable carbon-storage projects.Methods, Procedures, Process: A trained long short-term memory (LSTM) sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) surrogate model was employed, using nine geological properties and dynamically varying injection profiles as inputs. PSO (4,000 particles) was coupled to the surrogate to maximize residual and solubility trapping while minimizing structural trapping under any geological scenario. An objective function combining trapping terms and penalty\u2013reward coefficients encouraged near-maximum allowable injection volumes while preventing violations of operational limits. This integration enabled rapid, robust optimization of injection strategies under varying geological and engineering constraints.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The PSO\u2013surrogate framework identified dynamic injection strategies that enhanced CO2 trapping efficiency and reduced movable fractions. Compared to constant-rate schemes, optimized strategies increased residual and solubility trapping by up to 50% under favorable geology and achieved over 15% improvement across a 30-year injection period. The surrogate-driven optimization generated optimal strategies unattainable with conventional simulators, offering ultrafast computational performance. Thousands of candidate scenarios were evaluated within minutes while maintaining engineering feasibility. PSO consistently converged within ten iterations, confirming tractability. Results also showed that varying injection rates or periodic shut-ins (~6-month intervals) decisively improved long-term trapping stability.Significance\/Novelty: This work presents a novel integration of a deep-learning Seq2Seq surrogate with PSO to identify dynamic CO2 injection schedules that maximize residual and solubility trapping while reducing structural trapping. By jointly capturing geological variability and injection dynamics, the framework enables faster scenario evaluation and more effective optimization, advancing stable, long-term saline-aquifer storage design.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Identifying Channelized Aquifer Architecture for CO2 Geological Storage Using Geostatistics and Deep Generative Models<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. Moeini* and M. Soltanian\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Cincinnati)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Accurate representation of channelized fluvial architecture is critical for reliable prediction of CO2 plume migration in geological storage operations. Traditional geostatistical inversion methods often yield highly uncertain facies architecture due to sparse subsurface data, while deep learning approaches require extensive training samples that are rarely available in practice. This study develops a two-stage framework combining geostatistical modeling with deep generative models to identify channelized aquifer structures. The framework addresses a key limitation: generating its own training dataset from geostatistical realizations, eliminating the need for pre-existing training images while enabling uncertainty reduction through dynamic data assimilation when monitoring data becomes available.Methods, Procedures, Process: Stage 1 applies ensemble-based data assimilation to estimate geostatistical parameters representing channel geometry and connectivity. Multiple realizations generated with the calibrated parameters train an adversarial autoencoder that learns a low-dimensional latent representation of channel networks. Stage 2 updates these latent variables through ensemble-based data assimilation conditioned to observed pressure and CO2 saturation, refining channel architecture. A deep learning surrogate trained on multiphase flow simulations provides rapid flow predictions to accelerate the inversion.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Demonstrated on a synthetic fluvial aquifer with CO2 injection, the two-stage approach captures preferential flow pathways and further reduces posterior uncertainty compared to geostatistical inversion alone. The adversarial autoencoder learns geological patterns from self-generated samples. The surrogate provides accurate predictions with orders-of-magnitude speedup versus full physics simulations. The framework is being validated on Cranfield CO2 sequestration site data incorporating well logs, seismic, and observed pressure, saturation, and tracer measurements.Significance\/Novelty: This framework addresses training data scarcity by self-generating samples from geostatistical realizations, making the approach practical for real sites lacking training images. The two-stage method achieves greater uncertainty reduction than conventional geostatistical inversion, enabling more reliable CO2 plume predictions in channelized systems. Integration with deep learning surrogates provides computationally efficient field-scale uncertainty quantification for improved risk assessment and storage security.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Mechanistic Insights into Capillary Heterogeneity and its Role in CO2 Plume Confinement in Saline Aquifers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE. Ofosu and A. Khanal*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Tulsa)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study aims to quantify how geological heterogeneity and facies-specific capillary pressure variations govern local capillary trapping (LCT) and CO2 migration behavior in saline aquifers. The objective is to establish a mechanistic understanding of how parameters such as net-to-gross (NTG) ratio, correlation length, permeability anisotropy, and capillary entry pressures in interbedded sand-shale sequences affect the balance between static and dynamic trapping mechanisms. The study focuses on linking capillary-scale physics to reservoir-scale containment efficiency to improve predictive models for long-term CO2 storage security.Methods, Procedures, Process: A three-dimensional compositional reservoir simulation framework was developed to model CO2 injection and post-injection migration over 200 years. The base model represents a heterogeneous saline aquifer consisting of alternating sand and shale facies. Heterogeneous capillary pressure was assigned to each grid block using the Leverett J-function. Sensitivity analyses were performed for NTG (0.4\u20130.7), correlation length (10-500 ft), kv\/kh (0.1-0.5), and sand\/shale capillary entry pressures (1.9\u20135 psi and 1000\u20133000 psi, respectively). Model outputs included the spatial and temporal evolution of locally trapped, dissolved, and residually trapped CO2 phases, along with plume aspect ratio and center-of-mass (CM\/H) metrics to assess vertical confinement.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Accounting for heterogeneous capillary pressure increased LCT by more than fourfold compared to homogeneous models. Lower NTG ratios and longer correlation lengths enhanced LCT through increased shale continuity and lateral confinement, while higher NTG improved injectivity but favored vertical plume growth. Sand and shale capillary entry pressures exhibited opposite effects\\, higher sand Pe enhanced trapping, whereas higher shale Pe reduced it. Lower kv\/kh ratios promoted stronger plume confinement. Overall, cases with enhanced LCT displayed lower dissolution and hysteresis trapping, indicating a trade-off between static and dynamic trapping mechanisms.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides the first systematic, three-dimensional quantification of how facies-scale heterogeneity and capillary pressure contrasts control local capillary trapping in saline aquifers. By bridging pore-scale capillary physics and reservoir-scale heterogeneity, the study delivers new insights that can improve CO2 storage modeling, guide site characterization, and optimize injection strategies for secure long-term carbon storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Implications of Permeability Reduction from Fines Migration and Injectivity Loss during CO2 Injection: 2D CFD-DEM Study<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Dash*, F. Gong, S. Bakhshian and J. Morgan\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Rice University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Fines migration, where small particles detach, migrate, and redeposit in porous media, significantly impacts injectivity during CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Although lab experiments have explained certain aspects of fines mobilization, they remain limited by scale, imaging constraints, and the inability to fully capture two-phase interactions between brine and CO2 along with fine particles. This study develops a coupled 2D Computational Fluid Dynamics\u2013Discrete Element Method (CFD\u2013DEM) framework to investigate migration mechanisms under two-phase flow, bridging pore-scale observations with reservoir-scale implications.Methods, Procedures, Process: The model couples brine\u2013CO2 two-phase flow (solved with CFD) and particle mechanics (solved with DEM), accounting for hydrodynamic drag, capillary forces, buoyancy contrasts, and particle\u2013particle collisions. High-resolution pore geometries are reconstructed from binary porous geometry images, and parametric studies explore the effects of fines concentration, and injection velocity on fines detachment, transport, and deposition. The simulations also quantify how pore clogging impacts the permeability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The DEM simulations reproduce grain-scale mechanical behavior during fines detachment and transport. Results indicate that particle rearrangement and localized contact stress concentrations govern the onset of clogging, with fines preferentially aggregating at pore throats. The CFD simulations resolve two-phase brine-CO2 flow within the pore geometry, providing the hydrodynamic framework for fines migration. Flow field analyses reveal that CO2 saturation redistributes local velocity and pressure gradients, enhancing shear at phase interfaces where fines are most likely to be mobilized. Together, these CFD and DEM models provide insights for coupled two-phase simulations to directly assess fluid-particle interactions and their impact on injectivity during CO2 subsurface storage.Significance\/Novelty: This work will present the first two-phase CFD\u2013DEM coupling applied to fines migration during CO2 injection. The framework captures the simultaneous evolution of multiphase flow and particle dynamics, offering a physically-grounded tool to predict injectivity decline beyond the reach of single-phase or empirical models. By explicitly resolving brine - CO2 - particle interactions, the study advances our understanding of multiphase clogging phenomena critical for the design and management of secure and efficient carbon storage systems.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Geomechanical Simulation of CO2 Injection in Fractured Granite Formations at the St John\u2019s Dome (SJD): A Dual-Permeability Coupled Modeling Approach<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. M. Adjimah*<sup>1<\/sup>, W. Ampomah<sup>2<\/sup>, N. Sibaweihi<sup>2<\/sup> and A. Abdul-Malik<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; 2. Petroleum Recovery Research Center)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study investigates how fractured granite reservoirs at the St. John\u2019s Dome (SJD) respond to long-term CO2 injection. Using a dual-permeability geomechanical framework, we evaluate reservoir-scale strain, pressure evolution, and deformation to better understand the storage capacity and stability of crystalline formations.Methods, Procedures, Process: A fully coupled 3D finite-element geomechanical model was developed, integrating fracture\u2013matrix flow with rock deformation. The granite basement was represented as an elasto-plastic medium governed by the Mohr\u2013Coulomb failure criterion. Boundary conditions accounted for overburden stress, lateral confinement, and hydrostatic pore pressure. CO2 injection was simulated at 1 MMTPA for 30 years, followed by 50 years of post-injection monitoring. Key outputs included pressure distribution, volumetric strain, surface displacement, and safety margins against failure. Mesh and timestep sensitivity analyses ensured robust and physically consistent results.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulations revealed preferential CO2 migration toward shallower zones, accompanied by widespread compaction-driven deformation. Volumetric strain concentrated around injection wells, while surface subsidence remained relatively uniform. Pressure increased significantly near injection sites, influencing reservoir stress over time. Trapping analysis indicated that supercritical CO2 dominated storage, with structural and solubility trapping providing secondary contributions. Overall, geomechanical feedback was found to play a critical role in controlling stress redistribution, deformation, and storage security in crystalline reservoirs.Significance\/Novelty: This work introduces a dual-permeability coupled geomechanical modeling approach for fractured igneous reservoirs, applied to the SJD site. By capturing the interaction between CO2 migration and stress evolution, the study provides fresh insights into deformation processes and containment reliability in crystalline systems, strengthening confidence in their role as viable long-term CO2 storage targets.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Early-Time Fracture Risk Prediction in Saline Aquifer with Machine Learning Driven Digital Twins<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. O. Badejo*, L. Sekar and R. Okoroafor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The success of large-scale CO2 storage in saline aquifers depends not only on maintaining injectivity but also on preserving the integrity of the seal. However, thermal stresses and geochemical reactions between injected CO2, brine, and rock can progressively weaken the formation, reducing tensile strength even when injection pressures remain below the nominal fracture gradient. Most existing monitoring tools only detect fractures after they occur-making them reactive rather than preventive. Meanwhile, high-fidelity geomechanical simulations, though accurate, are too computationally intensive for real-time use or integration into a digital twin environment. This study addresses that gap by developing a machine learning (ML)-driven digital twin that predicts early-time fracture risk using surface and near-wellbore signals. The goal is to shift from reactive detection to proactive fracture prevention through fast, adaptive prediction.Methods, Procedures, Process: A three-dimensional numerical model was used to simulate CO2 injection in a representative saline aquifer under varying conditions, including pressure. The dataset generated, which includes pressure buildup, fracture height, length, width, and stress changes, was used to train a ML algorithm to identify early fracture precursors. The resulting ML-assisted digital twin continuously assimilates surface monitoring data and updates its predictions of pressure and fracture potential during injection.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The digital twin successfully identified fracture onset several minutes before mechanical failure, maintaining prediction errors below 10%. The framework proposes dynamic adjustments to injection rate and pressure that prevent crossing the critical stress threshold. Compared to full-physics numerical simulations, this hybrid approach achieved two orders of magnitude faster runtime with comparable predictive accuracy, making it suitable for real-time operational decision-making.Significance\/Novelty: This work introduces a predictive, data-driven fracture monitoring system that bridges the gap between detailed physics and real-time operations. Unlike conventional monitoring or simplified proxies, the ML-based digital twin quantifies evolving mechanical risk during early injection, incorporating the weakening effects of temperature and chemistry. It provides a scalable, adaptive tool for operators to anticipate and mitigate seal failure, which transforms CO2 injection management from reactive control to predictive prevention.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Compositional Steady-State and Transient Wellbore Flow Dynamics of CO2 Injection Systems<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Mondal* and R. Okoroafor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The safe and efficient injection of CO2 depends on understanding how compositional and thermal changes influence wellbore flow behavior under dynamic conditions. This study investigates both steady-state and transient multiphase flow of CO2 and associated impurities to characterize how temperature, pressure, and environmental factors impact injectivity and flow stability. The objective is to reveal how non-equilibrium effects, phase transitions, and impurity-driven compositional shifts influence wellbore performance beyond conventional steady-state assumptions.Methods, Procedures, Process: A compositional thermo-hydraulic model was developed using a dynamic multiphase flow simulator to capture coupled mass, momentum, and energy transport during CO2 injection. The framework incorporates real-gas thermodynamics and accounts for minor impurities that modify PVT properties. Simulations were conducted for both onshore and offshore injection wells, including start-up, shutdown, and variable-rate injection scenarios. Offshore boundary conditions accounted for low seabed temperature, long tiebacks, and higher hydrostatic pressure, while onshore conditions represented warmer, shorter flow paths and reduced environmental cooling.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Steady-state analysis establishes baseline flow and thermal profiles, while transient modeling captures short-term fluctuations in pressure, temperature, and phase distribution. Offshore wells exhibit delayed thermal stabilization and a higher tendency for transient condensation and pressure oscillations, primarily due to the colder environment and larger hydrostatic head. Onshore wells exhibit faster equilibrium recovery and smoother flow stabilization, though both environments demonstrate sensitivity to impurity concentration and startup sequence. The presence of even small amounts of non-condensable gases alters the compressibility of CO2 and can delay pressure stabilization during transients.Significance\/Novelty: This study highlights that steady-state analyses alone are insufficient to predict real CO2 injection behavior, especially in offshore settings where thermal inertia and ambient cooling significantly alter flow dynamics. The integrated transient\u2013compositional modeling approach identifies temperature control, impurity management, and controlled ramp-up strategies as key tools for maintaining injectivity and minimizing operational risks. These findings provide a new framework for designing and operating CO2 injection systems that account for environment and transient flow physics.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Classification and Calibration of Legacy Well Risks for CO2 Storage in the Gulf Coast Basin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Ali* and A. Bump\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(The University of Texas at Austin)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The Gulf Coast is a major region for large-scale CO\u2082 storage, with over 50 projects in development and more than 1.1 million legacy oil and gas wells. Many of these wells were drilled before modern well construction and plugging regulations, and documentation quality can be limited. This study focuses on how legacy well leakage risk is defined, screened, and classified across CCS risk frameworks. It evaluates why current approaches often lack consistency and calibration for Gulf Coast CO\u2082 storage.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study evaluates how legacy well risk is defined and screened across CCS frameworks and compares these approaches to Class I injection practice. It assesses how existing classification frameworks rely on qualitative expert judgment, examines the role of uncertainty in over-screening, and compares framework logic to the Class I non-endangerment standard, where pathway realism determines acceptability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results indicate that CCS risk can be overestimated when uncertainty is treated as failure and when large numbers of wells are screened without confirming physical relevance to injection pressure or migration pathways. The findings also show that operational failures dominate the historical incident record, while integrity-relevant failures are relatively rare and temporally clustered. Overall, the results support shifting toward more evidence-informed and pathway-based risk classification.Significance\/Novelty: This work supports a shift toward a more consistent and evidence-informed, pathway-based approach to legacy well risk classification and calibration for CO\u2082 storage in the Gulf Coast Basin. By aligning classification thinking with Class I binary non endangerment logic and emphasizing physical relevance, the study aims to reduce overestimation of risk and improve credibility in CCS screening practices.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CO2 Sequestration Enhancement: Injecting Micronized Magnesium Rich Silicates with Supercritical CO2 into Saline Aquifers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Saadat* and M. Mokhtari\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Louisiana Lafayette)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The tendency of magnesium-rich silicates to react with CO2 offers a durable solution for CO2 removal, mainly when injected into deep saline aquifers. The main goal of this research is to evaluate a hybrid strategy in which micronized peridotite\/dunite (1\u2013100 \u03bcm) is pre mixed with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) prior to injection to mitigate plume migration and pressure buildup. Peridotite and dunite are ultramafic rocks primarily composed of magnesium silicate mineral olivine, which is highly reactive with CO2. The presence of extensive Mg rich silicates near injection sites may help control gas pressure and improve the overall efficiency of the carbonation process. Scope includes laboratory tests, reactive transport modeling, and design criteria for field deployment.Methods, Procedures, Process: Beyond literature review, this study examines the reactivity of selected samples under varying grain sizes, injectivity and pressure transients, key carbonation metrics (including dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, Mg\/Si release, and solid carbonate formation), and changes in permeability\/porosity. The Mg rich silicates were crushed and milled to produce micronized powders with particle size distributions ranging different size. Prior to injection, rock powders were pre-mixed with scCO2 using a high pressure mixing vessel at conditions matching reservoir depth. Reactive transport simulations upscale laboratory kinetics to reservoir conditions to screen solid to CO2 ratios and particle size\/reactivity tradeoffs, constrained by operational injectivity and pressure management limits.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Experiments show that adding 1\u2013100 \u03bcm Mg silicate particles to scCO2 sustains injectivity while promoting rapid carbonate formation and buffering pH; permeability reductions are bounded when solids loading is optimized. Modeling indicates feasible windows of solid to CO2 mass ratio that maximize mineralization within the swept volume and reduce plume extent and peak pressure. The combined datasets yield quantitative relationships among particle size, residence time, and conversion needed to meet storage security and pressure management targets.Significance\/Novelty: The approach couples the high reactivity of ex situ mineral carbonation with the cost and capacity advantages of in situ saline aquifer storage. It provides practical design guidance solid loading, particle size, and injection strategy for hybrid commericial CCUS deployment aimed at durable mineral storage, reduced monitoring footprint, and improved pressure management.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Poster\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning for Prediction and Data Assimilation in the Quest CCS Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Cornelio* and B. Jafarpour\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Southern California)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study presents a spatio-temporal deep learning framework for history matching and forecasting CO2 injection dynamics in the field-scale Quest Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in Alberta, Canada. The neural network is trained to emulate reservoir simulations and predict the evolution of plume migration, pressure buildup, and well responses. The model is integrated into a data assimilation workflow to calibrate geological models using field observations and assess prediction robustness under uncertain geological conditions.Methods, Procedures, Process: A recurrent U-Net architecture is developed to capture spatio-temporal dependencies in reservoir states derived from multiphase flow simulations. The training data spans multiple geological realizations with variable facies, porosity, and permeability fields. Model performance is validated on unseen scenarios to evaluate both interpolation and extrapolation accuracy. The trained proxy is then embedded in an ensemble smoother\u2013based history matching framework that assimilates field data from 2015\u20132022. A spatial localization strategy constrains updates to regions influenced by monitoring data, ensuring physically consistent parameter updates and reducing overfitting. Performance is benchmarked against full-physics simulations to assess accuracy and computational gain.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The spatio-temporal neural network accurately predicts CO2 plume migration and pressure buildup patterns across diverse geological settings. Compared with the physics-based simulator, the proxy achieves several orders of magnitude faster predictions with minimal accuracy loss. In interpolation tests, plume and pressure predictions closely match reference simulations, while extrapolation tests demonstrate robust generalization across unseen facies patterns. When incorporated into a data assimilation framework, the neural network surrogate effectively assimilates field observations and reconstructs reservoir behavior consistent with measured plume extent and pressure response. The workflow offers a scalable approach for real-time monitoring and scenario analysis in industrial-scale CCS operations.Significance\/Novelty: This work demonstrates, for the first time, a field-scale integration of a deep learning\u2013based spatio-temporal surrogate with data assimilation for CO2 storage management. The proposed approach enables rapid, physics-consistent reservoir updates and provides a foundation for real-time monitoring, risk assessment, and optimization of CCS projects under geological uncertainty.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Panel\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #4facfe;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 3 Technical Panel: Class VI Wells &#8211; Present and Future<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator Ross Harrison\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Yezerski*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Gulf Energy Storage Services)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Seeley*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Colorado Energy and Carbon Management Commission)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. Johnston*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Enverus Intelligence Research)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK. Lechtenberg*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International, Inc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 9: Managing Long-Term Containment and Conformance Risk<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPatricia Montoya, Carlos Fonseca Rivera\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Model-Based Strategy for Predictive Monitoring for CO2 Conformance and Containment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Messamah*<sup>1<\/sup>, V. Brun<sup>1<\/sup>, \u00c9. Morgan<sup>1<\/sup>, V. Jean-Paul<sup>2<\/sup>, C. Joy<sup>2<\/sup> and M. Guirola<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. SpotLight; 2. BP)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects in the U.S., particularly those targeting 45Q tax credits, must demonstrate secure geologic storage through rigorous monitoring aligned with Class VI permitting requirements. This study presents a predictive monitoring strategy applied to a site within the BP Lone Star CCS hub in Texas, designed to meet regulatory expectations while optimizing cost and operational agilityMethods, Procedures, Process: The approach leverages dynamic reservoir simulations that forecasts CO2 plume migration to automatically position three types of monitoring spots: calibration (for model tuning near injection and monitoring wells), conformance (in areas of significant plume change for model validation), and containment (along potential leakage paths such as legacy wells and faults for risk monitoring). Scaled saturation difference maps identify critical monitoring periods and spot locations, while average CO2 saturation maps and plume migration velocity are used to define time-dependent alarm levels, enabling early detection and proactive risk mitigation.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The results consist of a fully defined Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) plan, with monitoring locations and survey timing derived from model-based saturation changes and plume migration trends, ensuring that surveillance is focused where and when it matters most. This strategy aligns with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Class VI requirements for frequent subsurface monitoring, plume validation, and risk-based site care. It also supports the MRV framework required for claiming 45Q credits by providing transparent, verifiable evidence of CO2 behavior.Significance\/Novelty: The novelty lies in automating spot placement and timing using model outputs and risk assessment, reducing reliance on full-field seismic coverage. By detecting changes with focused seismic, the operational and environmental footprint of monitoring is minimized, and community acceptability is enhanced through less intrusive field operations. This enables targeted surveillance, cost-effective compliance, and long-term storage integrity essential components for successful CCS deployment under U.S. regulatory and financial frameworks.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4431757.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:45 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Adapting Passive Seismic and Electromagnetic Techniques for Challenges in CCUS Monitoring<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tW. Fadil, M. Braim, S. Dande, N. Fleegal*, T. Pugh, J. Chen and B. Waggott\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(ESG Solutions)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The objective of this study is to present an overview of geophysical technologies for effective monitoring of seismicity and the CO2 plume evolution at CCUS sites, and how to deploy them in a manner that meets regulatory requirements and supports risk mitigation. They include downhole array of geophones and fiber optics, surface array of seismometers and accelerometers, and Scatter Field, Streaming Potential, Controlled-Source-Electromagnetics (S2CSEM). The study involves modelling of various sensor combinations designed to address specific challenges, comparison with real CCUS monitoring data, and a cost analysis.Methods, Procedures, Process: The study evaluates the effectiveness of various sensor combinations in different scenarios by modelling the minimum detectable moment magnitude (Mw) and the maximum errors in event location and depth. Scenarios include 1) monitoring seismicity within an Area of Review (AOR) surrounded by multiple CCUS hubs or 2) near active natural and\/or induced seismic zones, 3) distinguishing seismicity above and below the storage complex, and 4) monitoring of the CO2 plume in a highly permeable reservoir. Modelling results are compared to similar CCUS projects, and a cost analysis evaluates the trade-offs of each array relative to its cost.Results, Observations, Conclusions: A hybrid solution (downhole and surface arrays) enables detection from microseismic to earthquake-scale events and improves accuracy in event location and depth, which is essential for distinguishing AOR seismicity from neighboring operations. Combining geophones and fiber optics (DAS) in a single downhole array enhances depth accuracy due to its increased depth aperture, which is critical in monitoring CO2 containment. Where moderate regional seismicity exists, accelerometers can provide direct ground-motion measurements for risk analysis. The S2CSEM array can detect: 1) instantaneous pressure changes associated with the movement of the CO2 plume during toggled CO2 injection (off\/on, hours apart), and 2) resistivity changes from imaging snapshots (months apart) inverted to CO2 saturation, enabling repeatable plume monitoring over large areas (can exceed 10 km2).Significance\/Novelty: This study provides valuable insights for industry operators and regulators in evaluating the effectiveness and cost of various geophysical technologies to monitor CCUS sites with diverse geological and operational challenges. It leverages the monitoring technologies and software suite developed by ESG Solutions and our extensive experience in CCUS monitoring.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Forecasting Injection-Induced Fault Reactivation Using Elastic Weakening and Slip-Tendency Indicators During CO2 Injection<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. Akpabli* and H. Rahnema\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(New Mexico Institute of Mining And Technology)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Injection-induced seismicity poses a significant risk to the safe and sustainable deployment of geo-energy technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and geothermal systems. The objective of this study is to develop a laboratory-based experimental framework for forecasting fault reactivation using acoustic, elastic, and mechanical indicators derived from controlled CO2 injection. The scope focuses on identifying seismic and geomechanical precursors to fault instability under realistic stress conditions relevant to subsurface injection operations.Methods, Procedures, Process: Hydromechanical acoustic experiments were conducted under true triaxial stress conditions while continuously monitoring time lapse ultrasonic wave velocities during controlled CO2 injection. P-wave and S-wave velocities were used to quantify changes in elastic properties, anisotropy, and acoustic impedance, while fault activation metrics including slip tendency and Coulomb failure stress were evaluated to assess mechanical stability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The experiments reveal a sharp transition from stable sliding to stick-slip behavior when pore pressure exceeds 8.5\u20139.2 MPa, corresponding to a critical shear to effective normal stress ratio of approximately \u03c4\/\u03c3\u2032n \u2248 0.83. P-wave velocity decreases systematically from approximately 3670 m\/s under fully brine-saturated conditions to about 3280 m\/s at lower brine saturations, indicating injection-induced elastic weakening. In contrast, S-wave velocities show modest increases and directional divergence, reflecting stress path dependent deformation and evolving elastic anisotropy. These changes result in reduced elastic stiffness and increasingly negative seismic reflection coefficients. The progressive reduction in effective normal stress and increase in shear stress on favorably oriented fault planes lead to monotonic increases in slip tendency and Coulomb failure stress, with critical thresholds exceeded within a narrow pressure window.Significance\/Novelty: This study provides the first experimentally constrained framework that directly links time-lapse ultrasonic seismic responses to fault reactivation thresholds during CO2 injection under true-triaxial stress conditions. By demonstrating that elastic weakening and effective stress redistribution alone can robustly forecast fault instability, the work establishes a physics-based methodology for early warning of injection-induced seismicity and for defining safer operational pressure limits in CCS and other geo energy applications.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4433269.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 7: Integrated Dynamic Simulations for CO\u2082 Seal Quality, Storage Optimization, and Reservoir Performance<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:20 AM &#8211; 10:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeniz Dindoruk, Alexander Bump\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:25 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Re-Thinking Seal Quality: Practical Insights for Effective Large-Scale CO2 Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP. Krishnamurthy*, L. Lun and A. G. Lee\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(ExxonMobil)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Caprock integrity is a critical factor in evaluating the suitability of geologic formations for CO2 sequestration. Traditional metrics\u2014such as seal thickness and the maximum CO2 column height supported by capillary entry pressure\u2014are derived from hydrocarbon trapping concepts and assume static buoyancy-capillary equilibrium over geologic timescales. These assumptions, however, may not be the same for CO2 storage in saline formations, where injection dynamics, high reservoir permeability and the absence of structural traps introduce significant viscous forces into the balance. Following injection, CO2 rises vertically under buoyant forces until it encounters the confining zone, where it subsequently spreads laterally and continues to disperse even after injection ceases. Over time, the height of the CO2 column diminishes, resulting in thin residual columns during the post-injection phase. Under these conditions, seal rocks with lower capillary entry pressures\u2014often labeled as \u201clower quality\u201d\u2014can in fact serve as effective long-term barriers. However, the performance of such seals during active injection, when CO2 column heights are greater and viscous forces dominate, remains an important area for evaluation. Understanding the dynamic behavior of these seals could expand the range of viable storage sites and optimize resource utilization.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study investigates the dynamic behavior of caprock during CO2 injection and post-injection phases using reservoir simulation. We explore a range of scenarios by varying caprock and reservoir properties, heterogeneity, injection rates, and well completion strategies.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Our results indicate that caprocks with entry pressures as low as 8 psi (CO2-to-brine)\u2014traditionally viewed as suboptimal\u2014can nonetheless provide robust containment of CO2 under dynamic storage conditions. This promising behavior is enabled by the caprock\u2019s low vertical permeability, complex rock-fluid interactions, and the natural tendency of CO2 to migrate laterally along preferential flow paths.Significance\/Novelty: These findings suggest that a broader range of geologic formations may be viable for secure CO2 storage, potentially expanding site selection opportunities and reducing development constraints.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9:45 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Instantaneous CO2 Volume Optimization for Numerical Simulation in Multi Target Sequestration<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Ogunlana*<sup>1<\/sup>, I. El-sayed<sup>2<\/sup> and A. Castaldo<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. SLB; 2. ex-SLB)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: For CO2 sequestration, the area of review (AOR) is defined as the larger of the CO2 plume or the critical pressure plume. Operators must optimize injection volumes to ensure the AOR does not encroach on lease boundaries or other well penetrations, while maximizing injected volumes. The study\u2019s objective is to provide an algorithmic approach to automatically maximize injection volumes during a numerical simulation for a given AOR without the need for manual optimization or multiple sensitivity simulations. The results of the automatic optimizer are compared to manual optimization.Methods, Procedures, Process: A numerical simulator with Python extensibility is programmed to compute the AOR as the simulation runs at timestep resolution. Injection ceases once the AOR boundary is exceeded in any direction for the specific zone. Injection automatically continues into the next zone. After a wait period, wells can be reopened to ensure maximum volume is injected due to pressure equilibration in high perm reservoirs. A reservoir model built for CO2 storage simulation is built with an additional requirement of the AOR boundary an input. AOR boundary can be different for different injection zones, as well as different for the pressure or CO2 plume front.Results, Observations, Conclusions: For zones whose AOR is defined by the pressure plume, the optimization algorithm is effective at defining the maximum volume to be injected without the AOR extending beyond the input boundary in a single simulation run. For an AOR defined by the CO2 plume, the optimizer does not account for the growth of the plume during the shut-in time. However, the distance the plume exceeds the input boundary can be used to tighten the boundary and rerun the simulation with the optimization algorithm. Hence, a plume-limited AOR can be optimized in two simulations, significantly improved over the manual approach. The optimizer exceeds manual optimization as it provides a more precise result than sensitivity simulations run at discrete levels. Finally, the optimizer has a negligible impact on the simulation runtime.Significance\/Novelty: The optimization algorithm significantly reduces the total simulation costs. Additionally, the time to obtain a CO2 plume for an optimized injection volume within the lease boundaries or a pressure front that significantly reduces the number of abandoned wells needing remediation is greatly reduced as the number of optimization runs is significantly cut down. This is important in multi-target injection in small leases as is seen in the Gulf of Mexico.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:05 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Dynamic Simulation of CO2 Injection in Depleted Gas Reservoirs Using a Coupled Wellbore\u2013Reservoir Model<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. Gong and S. Bakhshian*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Rice University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study investigates the dynamic behavior of CO2 injection and storage in depleted gas reservoirs by coupling wellbore and reservoir processes. The objectives are to (1) quantify the transient evolution of pressure, temperature, and phase change during CO2 injection; (2) evaluate the influence of wellbore and reservoir conditions on injection performance; and (3) compare CO2 injection behavior between depleted gas and hydrostatically-pressured reservoirs to assess the feasibility and risks of long-term storage in mature gas fields.Methods, Procedures, Process: A coupled wellbore\u2013reservoir model is developed using the T2WELL simulator to capture non-isothermal multiphase flow between the injection well and the storage formation. The reservoir domain is modeled by multiphase Darcy flow, while the wellbore is represented by a one-dimensional drift-flux formulation that resolves gas\u2013liquid two-phase flow transport. The ECO2M equation-of-state module is used to represent CO2 in gaseous, liquid, and supercritical phases, together with the aqueous H2O phase. Two reservoir scenarios were simulated: a normally pressured system initially filled with brine, and a depleted gas reservoir initially containing CO2 and characterized by low pore pressure. Sensitivity analyses were performed on injection rate, injection temperature and pressure, and reservoir pressure.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Simulations reveal distinct flow and thermal behaviors between the two storage settings. In depleted gas reservoirs, lower formation pressure promotes rapid CO2 expansion and cooling near the wellhead, producing a pronounced Joule\u2013Thomson effect that affects injectivity and phase distribution. Compared with a hydrostatistically-pressured reservoir, the depleted case shows delayed pressure buildup and larger gas-phase dominance in the wellbore. The coupled model successfully captures transient interactions between wellbore and reservoir, highlighting the importance of thermal and compositional effects in predicting CO2 injectivity and storage efficiency in depleted reservoirs.Significance\/Novelty: This work provides dynamic simulations of CO2 injection in depleted gas reservoirs using the coupled T2WELL\u2013ECO2M framework. The results offer new insight into wellbore\u2013reservoir coupling and phase transitions mechanisms under realistic injection conditions. Findings from this study can guide the design of injection strategies, improve prediction of storage capacity, and support efficient reuse of depleted gas fields for large-scale CO2 sequestration.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Panel\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #4facfe;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Panel Session: Decarbonizing Digital Infrastructure: The Role of CCUS in Powering Data Centers<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModerator David Hume\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. M. Kingham*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(GSI Environmental Inc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS. Williams-Stroud*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Mohamed*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(DNV)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tQ. Hasan*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Houston Law Center)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Panelist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC. McConnell*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Houston CCME)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 9:  Geochemical Monitoring<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAaditya Khanal, Deniz Paker\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">\u201cModel\u2013Map\u2013Monitor\u201d: Targeted Risk-Based Monitoring of CO2 Migration<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP. Arumugam*, A. Bump and S. Hovorka\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(UT Austin)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study introduces a cost-effective, risk-based monitoring framework for carbon capture and storage (CCS) by integrating model uncertainty with spatial and temporal risk analysis. Using a \u201cmodel\u2013map\u2013monitor\u201d approach, the framework identifies when and where monitoring is most valuable, based on ensemble reservoir simulations that capture subsurface variability and CO2 plume behavior.Methods, Procedures, Process: The framework follows a three-step: expressing model uncertainty through ensemble simulations, translating that uncertainty into spatial and temporal heatmaps, and designing a risk-based monitoring plan that targets only the highest-risk zones in space and time. Geological uncertainty was captured using dynamic reservoir simulations that varied channel geometry, fault orientation, and transmissibility. From this ensemble, 20 representative realizations were selected and gas saturation stacked to create spatial heatmaps, while plume migration was tracked over 200 years to generate temporal heatmaps. This approach moves beyond assumption-driven design to data-informed decision-making, maximizing containment assurance while minimizing costResults, Observations, Conclusions: Spatial analysis revealed a northwest migration bias, with heatmaps identifying persistent high-risk corridors for targeted monitoring. Temporal analysis showed uniform plume behavior during the first 5\u201310 years, suggesting limited value in early intensive monitoring. Divergence began around Year 15, and by Year 25, two distinct behavioral clusters emerged\u2014one following the base case and another showing farther migration. This defines a critical monitoring window between Years 15\u201325, enabling early detection and operational adjustments. The targeted approach offers up to 97% cost savings over full-field 3D seismic while maintaining containment assurance and regulatory compliance.Significance\/Novelty: This study introduces a scalable framework that moves beyond \u201cone-size-fits-all\u201d CCS monitoring strategies. The \u201cmodel\u2013map\u2013monitor\u201d approach shifts monitoring from reactive tool selection to proactive risk management. By visualizing uncertainty through ensemble simulations, it identifies high-risk zones and critical time windows for targeted intervention. This enables operators to optimize monitoring placement and timing, reducing reliance on blanket 3D seismic and achieving up to 97% cost savings. The framework supports defensible, site-specific monitoring plans that enhance regulatory compliance and public confidence in geologic storage.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Verification of Safe Storage and Cost-Effective Groundwater Monitoring Using Proxy Parameters to Assess Shallow Geochemical Conditions for the Illinois Basin &#8211; Decatur Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. T. Wimmer*, A. Iranmanesh, R. A. Locke and C. Carman\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Illinois State Geological Survey)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Groundwater monitoring is an important part of geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage projects to protect potable aquifers. The Illinois Basin - Decatur Project (IBDP), a large-scale CCS initiative in Decatur, Illinois, implemented a comprehensive monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) program. From November 2011 to November 2014, CO2 was injected into the Mt. Simon Sandstone reservoir at a rate of 1,000 tonnes per day. The MVA program monitored and sampled shallow groundwater in a network of shallow monitoring wells from March 2009 through April 2017\u2014spanning the pre-injection, injection, and post-injection phases. The shallow wells ranged from 4 to 91 meters (13 to 300 feet) deep and had dedicated pumps and continuous water level monitoring.Methods, Procedures, Process: This study used \u201cproxy\u201d parameters to detect potential migration of CO2 or brine from deep formations. Samples were collected monthly during pre- and injection phases, and quarterly during post-injection. Chemical analyses were performed for over 30 parameters. Seven parameters\u2014bromide (Br), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and total dissolved solids (TDS)\u2014were used as proxies to indicate brine interaction with shallow groundwater, as they are the dominant constituents of deep formation brines at the IBDP site. Five parameters\u2014alkalinity, Ca, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), Mg, and pH\u2014were used as proxies for their sensitivity to CO2-induced changes in groundwater.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results from eight years of monitoring showed no shifts in proxy parameter trends or overall changes in groundwater chemistry. Some variations were observed in wells set within glacial outwash deposits and a thin sandstone in the upper bedrock. Comparing proxy data and water levels with rain, snowfall, and temperature from the local airport suggested these changes stemmed from natural variability, shallow well construction issues, site infrastructure changes, or post well-construction geochemical re-equilibration and were not related to CO2 injection or brine interaction.Significance\/Novelty: Development of the monitoring network was essential to achieve an understanding of the shallow hydrogeologic environment. Further, the shallow groundwater data documented that the IBDP safely stored the injected CO2 and fully protected potable groundwater. Use of proxy parameters is also highlighted as a cost-effective monitoring strategy and can be used by future CCS projects as an effective monitoring technique.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:40 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CO2 Leak Simulation Experiment: Strengthening Monitoring of the CCS Cabi\u00fanas \u2013 S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 Pilot Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. P. Lopes*<sup>1<\/sup>, D. Miller<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Bispo<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Baessa<sup>1<\/sup>, R. Cabral<sup>1<\/sup>, R. Bacelar<sup>1<\/sup>, G. Hurtado<sup>2<\/sup>, G. Luvizotto<sup>2<\/sup>, E. Santos Neto<sup>2<\/sup>, M. Ribeiro<sup>2<\/sup>, J. Okubo<sup>2<\/sup>, C. Kiang<sup>2<\/sup>, G. Barros<sup>2<\/sup>, A. Barros<sup>2<\/sup>, S. Gilfillan<sup>3<\/sup> and F. Stuart<sup>4<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Petrobras; 2. UNESP; 3. University of Edinburgh; 4. SUERC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The main objective was ensuring capability to identify potential CO2 leaks from the CCS Cabi\u00fanas \u2013 S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 pilot project, Brazil&#039;s first onshore CCS initiative. Secondary objectives included: identifying gas migration patterns in soil, developing effective detection and monitoring methods, defining best sampling practices, and understanding processes that alter CO2 original signature. The scope encompasses establishing robust methodologies for monitoring stored CO2 in saline aquifers and developing strategies applicable to other CCS hubs in S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Esp\u00edrito Santo states.Methods, Procedures, Process: The methodology involved controlled CO2 injections in two zones: water table zone with 27 collection points in circular arrangements (1.0m, 2.5m, 5m, and 10m distances), and vadose zone with 24 points (1m, 2.5m, and 5m distances). Over 100 gas and soil samples were collected during the July 7-11, 2025 experiment in Barra do Furado area. Samples were analyzed at CENPES and partner laboratories using the GA5000 detector for in-situ measurement of CO2, CH4, O2, H2, and H2S concentrations.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initial results indicated background CO2 concentration between 0.2% and 0.5%. During continuous injection in the water table, values reached 1.2% after the third day, evidencing simulation success and monitoring methods&#039; sensitivity. The experiment successfully demonstrated the capability to detect CO2 migration and established baseline monitoring protocols for the pilot project that anticipates injecting 100,000 tons of CO2 annually into saline aquifers.Significance\/Novelty: This represents the first controlled CO2 leak simulation experiment in Brazil&#039;s onshore CCS context, providing unprecedented data for developing reliable monitoring technologies. The learnings strengthen capabilities for implementing CCS projects with excellence and contribute decisively to establishing best practices for CCUS monitoring in tropical geological conditions, essential for sustainable energy transition in Latin America.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 8: Legacy Wells and Well Abandonment Integrity<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10:55 AM &#8211; 12:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLuis Paz, Gabe Casanova\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:00 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Practical Approach to Identifying and Assessing CO2 Injection Well Leakage Potential for Application to Carbon Storage Risk Analysis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZ. Freund* and M. Zulqarnain\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection projects pose unique technical and environmental challenges when developing project risk assessments. An uncontrolled CO2 leak from the injection well could pose a threat to the environment and local communities while hurting project economics. Such leakage risks can be analyzed by evaluating failure nodes in the injection well components that are most susceptible to failure during pressurized injection. Current analyses incorporate building physics-based models or use of complex transient flow models that are intensive to set up and could be impractical to implement on commercial projects.Methods, Procedures, Process: In this study, we present a methodology that integrates a project\u2019s existing dynamic reservoir models (DRM) to estimate reservoir inflow and steady-state nodal wellbore models to estimate vertical flow and leakage rates from each failure. These existing models were coupled using inflow performance relationship (IPR) curves to quantify CO2 production rates from a leakage event. Reservoir simulations were run to quantify the highest reservoir pressure buildup with outputs from the simulations informing CO2 production rates at various well bottom hole pressures. The resulting production rate curves are converted into IPRs by averaging rates over the estimated leakage timeframe and utilizing the pressure squared IPR approach. The IPR was then input into steady-state wellbore model which estimated leakage rates through various failure nodes represented by variations in choke size. The leakage points modeled included a full-bore release, annulus wing valve leakage, and control line exit point failure.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The methodology presented here was verified against published CO2 leakage rates from projects such as Sheep Mountain Unit in Colorado, USA, and Alfina 1 well in Northern Latium, Italy. The cases evaluated determined that leakage rates ranged from 1,100 metric tons per day to 8,000 metric tons per day for hypothetical project scenarios that were evaluated.Significance\/Novelty: The methods discussed provide project developers with the framework to qualify and quantify leakage risk, support robust risk assessments, and better inform risk management and mitigation strategies without investment into new tools. These methods provide proper understanding of the leakage risks associated with a CO2 injection project that is necessary to improve project viability, reduce overall project risk, and create safer projects for developers, the environment, and the public.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:20 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">From Liability to Asset: Utilizing Existing Wells for CO2 Storage Characterization<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG. Casanova*, K. Lechtenberg, G. Koperna and D. Riestenberg\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Advanced Resources International)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Geologic characterization is a critical and cost-intensive step in developing Class VI CO2 storage projects. Conventional approaches typically involve drilling new stratigraphic test wells ranging from approximately 3,500 to 10,000 ft in depth at costs of $5-10 million per well. In regions with a legacy of oil and gas exploration, numerous existing wellbores are often present but are primarily viewed as potential leakage pathways, leading project developers to avoid their vicinity. This study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of repurposing existing wellbores for geologic characterization, leveraging prior infrastructure investments to reduce costs and accelerate project timelines.Methods, Procedures, Process: The study will compare the costs, operational requirements, and potential risks associated with (1) drilling new stratigraphic wells and (2) re-entering and recompleting existing wellbores with proven technology such as casing exits and section milling for core acquisition, logging, and formation testing. The assessment integrates historical well data, construction records, material specifications, and integrity evaluation techniques consistent with Class VI regulatory requirements. Cost elements will be itemized for both pathways, including workover operations, downhole tool deployment, cement remediation, and mechanical integrity testing.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that re-entering a suitable legacy well for characterization can reduce characterization cost by greater than 50% relative to drilling a new well, depending on well condition and required remediation. Case analyses demonstrate that legacy well repurposing can provide sufficient data for site characterization including formation injectivity, pressure gradients, and geochemical sampling. The study will also highlight operational considerations such as unknown cement conditions, wellbore deviation, and regulatory compliance documentation.Significance\/Novelty: This work challenges the prevailing assumption that legacy wells represent only risk and liability within a Class VI Area of Review. By systematically evaluating their reuse potential, this study proposes a pathway for substantial cost savings and faster project deployment while maintaining regulatory integrity standards. The results will provide a framework for future commercial projects to incorporate legacy well assessment into early site development planning.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11:40 AM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Well Abandonment and Integrity Evaluation for CO2 Storage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Perrin*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Chevron)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a demonstrated technology that is essential for the energy transition. One of the challenges in CCS projects is to ensure that the carbon dioxide (CO2) remains in the intended storage reservoir. There are numerous potential leak paths in a storage reservoir. The leak paths could be either natural (pre-existing faults, fractures, insufficient caprock integrity), or man-made (induced seismicity and artificial penetrations such as underground mines and wellbores).Methods, Procedures, Process: CO2 storage can be achieved with negligible impact on the environment when potential issues with leak paths, such as wellbores are sufficiently identified and managed. Wells are designed and constructed with barriers to prevent fluid migration throughout the expected lifecycle, including decommissioning. However, IOGP recognized there is a need for guidance to address the well integrity evaluation for both project and legacy wells as well as future abandonment of existing CCS project wells. A Wells CCS Expert Group was formed under the IOGP&#039;s Wells Expert Committee tasked with developing a global industry guideline.Results, Observations, Conclusions: IOGP published report 676 in March 2025 which provides guidelines and considerations for well plugging and abandonment (P&amp;A) approaches of both project and legacy wells within a CO2 geologic storage site. This includes well integrity evaluation methods, barrier philosophy, and plugging materials such as cement or alternatives. The document is intended for Wells personnel and industry stakeholders who are involved in a CCS project, specifically in the evaluation, planning, and execution phases.Significance\/Novelty: This presentation will cover the efforts by the IOGP Wells CCS Expert Group to develop this guideline and promote its use by industry stakeholders involved in planning and executing CO2 storage projects both onshore and offshore.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-time-sidebar bg-primary rounded position-sticky z-30 top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-white text-center pt-lg-4 py-2 fs-14 font-bold position-sticky top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-program-items row g-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 4: CO\u2082 Conversion and Industrial Applications<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 6 &amp; 7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRita Okoroafor, Abouzar Mirzaei Paiaman\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">CO2 Mineralization Enabled Co Production of Carbonates and Lithium Stable Feed Brines for Direct Lithium Extraction<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM. Mojid*, K. Lee and D. M. Myers\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Houston)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The successful integration of sustainable and efficient CO2 utilization with lithium extraction is crucial for achieving the large-scale decarbonization goals. This study presents a novel CO2-induced pre-treatment process that simultaneously produces solid carbonate minerals and lithium-stable feed brine, optimized for subsequent direct lithium extraction (DLE). This approach addresses the existing research gap associated with expensive, reagent-intensive brine purification techniques, which result in substantial lithium loss for DLE.Methods, Procedures, Process: This process selectively precipitates divalent ions as stable carbonates, attaining permanent CO2 sequestration with minimal lithium loss, and yields treated brine suitable for subsequent DLE. Synthetic brine, representative of a high Mg\/Li continental system, interacted with controlled CO2 flow to induce mineralization under optimized reaction conditions. Process parameters were optimized to enhance carbonate production and ensure lithium retention. Hourly collected reacted liquid samples were analyzed using ICP MS to quantify cation concentration, while post-reaction solid precipitates were characterized using SEM, FTIR, TGA, and XRD to confirm carbonate phase formation. The effects of brine composition, reactive alkalinity, pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow conditions were investigated to determine the operational window that maximizes divalent cation precipitation and lithium stability.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Exploratory liquid analyses indicate a significant removal of divalent species (41% of Mg2+ and 25% of Ca2+) with minimal loss of Li+ (2-4%), verifying the effectiveness of the technology. Additionally, the physicochemical characterization of solid precipitates confirms the presence of MgCO3 and CaCO3. These produced carbonates permanently sequester CO2 and are also suitable for construction and chemical applications. Moreover, the treated brine exhibits chemical compatibility with all existing DLE technologies, thereby affirming its universal applicability as a pre-treatment method.Significance\/Novelty: This novel low-carbon technology offers a practical and scalable approach for coordinating carbon utilization and lithium extraction, thus contributing to carbon circularity and ensuring resilient lithium supply chains for the energy transition.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443614.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Utilization of CO2 into Cement and Concrete<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Santra*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Aramco Americas)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Portland cement manufacturing process produces about 7% of the total anthropogenic CO2 around the world. We are working towards a holistic approach to reduce it through: (1) utilization of some carbon dioxide (CO2) in the construction of oilwell as well as civil structures and (2) substitution of up to 50% of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by pozzolanic materials for example but not limited to blast furnace slag (BFS), also known as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). It is a great way to reduce the use of OPC and then recycle some of the produced CO2 to contribute to decarbonization effort. The concept of recycling and utilization of CO2 has been realized to be applicable to both oilwell and civil engineering constructions including 3D printed structures. It is envisioned that there is potential of utilizing a total of up to 0.4Gt CO2 or over 1% of total global CO2 by incorporating into cement and Concrete systems.Methods, Procedures, Process: Portland cement hydration produces 15% Ca(OH)2 (Calcium Hydroxide or Portlandite). All these Calcium Hydroxide have potential to be directly mineralized to CaCO3 by blending with CO2. We have developed a proprietary laboratory size blender that can blend CO2 at up to 1000psi. Testing allows us to monitor irreversible conversion of CO2 to CaCO3. We were able to design Oilwell pumpable slurry formulations using CO2 blending technology with up to 15-20% enhanced compressive strength compared to commercially available technology without the use of carbonation, such as water extended, and\/or silica fume based.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The above concept has also been applied to construction grade formulation also using Type I\/II cement. In addition, we were able to substitute the OPC amount by up to 50% by weight (OPC: BFS = 50:50) without compromising the final compressive strength. Laboratory testing was performed to optimize CO2 mineralization efficiency as well without affecting the mechanical integrity of cement or workability. Rheology, Free fluid and Thickening Time have been used to monitor and optimize slurry properties. Compressive strength measurement has been performed to ensure the mechanical integrity of cement. Direct mineralization of CO2 into the matrix of cement blends reduces the hardening time or waiting on cement (WOC) significantly. Results of our research work will be presented in this paper.Significance\/Novelty: About up to 12% of total CO2 produced during cement manufacturing process can be utilized in this process.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Utilization of CO2 as a Carbon Source for Biosurfactant Production by Novel Bacterial Isolates from a Pre-Salt Analogous Environment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tF. dos Santos, A. P. Napp, W. Lautert-Dutra, E. V. Abati, D. U. Brito, H. A. Brito*, L. S. Duarte, C. Lovato Melo and J. T. Zielinski\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(PUCRS)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Several countries have adopted carbon-neutral strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among these, the capture and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial processes (CCU) is an effective approach. Integrating biotechnology allows CO2 mitigation while producing value-added products. Microorganisms capable of metabolizing CO2 offer a sustainable alternative, reducing GHGs and enabling the synthesis of bioproducts such as biosurfactants. These amphiphilic molecules have broad industrial applications, notably in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). Despite this potential, few studies have investigated biosurfactant production under CO2-rich conditions. To address this, our collaborative project with Petronas Petr\u00f3leo Brasil LTDA (PPBL) explores biosurfactant production using CO2 as the primary carbon source.Methods, Procedures, Process: Twenty-eight isolates were preselected for production using a CO2-analog molecule in two media: B medium (nutrient-rich) and C medium (restrictive and saline). Emulsification indices were assessed, and the most promising isolates were cultivated under CO2 atmosphere in C medium. Selected isolates underwent DNA sequencing to support culture optimization and gene target identification for genetic engineering. One isolate was chosen for biosurfactant production optimization through genetic engineering and laboratory assisted evolution. Various methodologies are currently being applied to identify the potential biosurfactant molecule and evaluate the stability of the bioproduct under different conditions of pH, temperature, salinity, and pressure.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Many isolates showed a high emulsification index (&gt;60%) in the C medium with sodium bicarbonate, which was then selected for further experiments. Three isolates were chosen for genome sequencing using Illumina and Nanopore technologies. Two represent a novel Exiguobacterium lineage, while the other one is a new strain of Vreelandella zhaodongensis. All sequenced strains grew under CO2. Two isolates produced emulsifying compounds even without cells and were selected for further CO2 experiments. The isolate 253 maintained a 60% emulsification index under CO2, which was more effective than sodium bicarbonate or glucose. Its bioproduct remained stable across varying pH, temperature, salinity, and pressure.Significance\/Novelty: This project presents a bioproduct from Brazilian biodiversity with high emulsification capacity, potential MEOR applications, and contributions to industrial innovation and CO2 reduction.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Comprehensive Review of Coupled CO2 Storage and Geothermal Energy Recovery Systems<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Bigdeli<sup>1<\/sup> and H. Moubarak*<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2. Terra Altai)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: CO2-geothermal energy storage, recently proposed, has been demonstrated to be advantageous in power output, thermal efficiency, and geological stability compared with water-based geothermal systems, however, the technology remains largely in its infancy due to major uncertainties in performance, risks, and design of the CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) system.Methods, Procedures, Process: This review aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art of the integrated CO2-geothermal system that utilizes CO2 as both the working fluid and the stored medium and covers the coupled thermos-hydraulics, reservoir engineering, numerical modeling, and techno-economic evaluation. Therefore, it provides a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners, including a detailed discussion of the key components and processes of CPG systems. It builds on the latest advances from field tests, pilot projects, and simulation studies published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. Thus, this synthesis provides a foundation for further research and for the design of the next generation of CO2 storage and geothermal recovery projectsResults, Observations, Conclusions: The evidence from the literature indicates that CO2-based geothermal systems can be more advantageous than water-based geothermal systems in power output under favorable conditions, but the long-term performance of these systems still has large uncertainties. This uncertainty mainly stems from parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification, experimental validation, model efficiency and verification, power plant and surface facilities system design, potential synergies with other technologies, public perception and acceptance, and multi-EHS (environmental, health, and safety) risk assessment, and these issues are common to most, if not all, subsurface utilization applications. Hence, some of the concerns relevant to CPG are also pertinent to other geothermal and CO2 storage applicationsSignificance\/Novelty: For all these reasons, future research should focus on plume containment and trapping capacity, induced seismicity and fluid-rock interactions, injection and production strategy, multiphase behavior and property effects, and caprock integrity and leakage risk, and these challenges and knowledge gaps are elaborated in the following sections\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4427250.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 9: Machine Learning and AI Techniques for Testing and Monitoring<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTown Center South\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAaditya Khanal, Parveen Sachdeva\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">A Critical Review of Machine Learning Applications in Monitoring and Predicting CO2 Storage Behavior<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Bigdeli<sup>1<\/sup> and H. Moubarak*<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2. Terra Altai)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Machine learning (ML) is becoming a vital tool for monitoring, prediction and optimization of geological CO2 storage, although there has been considerable progress, several open questions remain regarding how robustly models trained in the lab generalize to the field, transfer to new sites, and respect known physics--all of which are important for practical deployment.Methods, Procedures, Process: Here, we review ML applications in three major tasks for geological CO2 storage: (1) tracking CO2 plume migration, (2) leakage detection and (3) reservoir pressure forecasting, and we cover various ML models, including CNNs, recurrent\/transformer models, neural operators, and surrogate models.Results, Observations, Conclusions: We show the potential of ML models in achieving high accuracy, reducing the turnaround time and improving the scalability compared to conventional numerical simulators, especially when high-quality and large datasets are available, which can result in rapid CO2 plume imaging and earlier anomaly detection. However, there are a number of challenges, including the limited generalizability of models to different reservoirs, sensitivity of models to sparse\/noisy measurements, and the lack of robust uncertainty quantification. Hybrid models that combine physics with data-driven learning, and transfer learning are also promising future directions, and in conclusion, ML-based monitoring has proven to be a powerful tool for complementing the physics-based modeling of geological CO2 storage.Significance\/Novelty: Next steps include the development of standardized benchmark datasets, the better incorporation of physical constraints into ML models, and digital twins for real-time reservoir management and risk mitigation.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4427254.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Integrating 4D Seismic Monitoring Images into a Dynamic Simulation Model for Sleipner CCUS History Matching and Uncertainty Analysis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. Solatpour*<sup>1<\/sup>, P. Harris<sup>2<\/sup> and G. S. Oliveira<sup>1<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. Computer Modelling Group (CMG); 2. Sharp Reflections)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The objective of this study is to enhance the reliability of dynamic reservoir simulation and CO2 plume prediction through integrated use of 4D seismic monitoring. The developed workflow combines seismic observations with flow simulation to improve history matching, quantify uncertainties, leakage detection, and ensure conformance with the predicted CO2 plume.Methods, Procedures, Process: 4D seismic surveys were analyzed to delineate the CO2 plume using an interactive AI. The procedure involved unlabeled seismics, labelling the gas anomaly, and inference on the unlabeled seismics. After model training, inference was extended to additional seismic surveys. The resulting plume was then integrated into the dynamic reservoir model by mapping the interpreted plume onto the simulation mesh grids. An automated history match between simulated and seismic plumes was designed. In this workflow, the discrepancy between the CO2 gas saturation predicted by the numerical simulation and seismic data was used as a quantitative metric for evaluating history match quality. The methodology was evaluated using the Sleipner field CCUS. The area of the plume and the Area of Review (AoR) were calculated. Subsequently, a proxy model was trained to identify the most influential parameters governing system behaviour. The identified parameters were employed in a multi-objective optimization framework aimed at maximizing cumulative CO2 injection volume, minimizing AoR to avoid injection site interference, and minimizing the volume of CO2 outside the lease area.Results, Observations, Conclusions: AI identified and mapped the CO2 plume across multiple seismic datasets using only 33% of the available data, demonstrating its efficiency in seismic interpretation. CO2 plume at Sleipner is strongly controlled by reservoir heterogeneities that are discovered from seismic and simulation data. Sleipner plume is a North-South plume, where geological architecture and shales layers have an important role in controlling the migration paths. Plume was formed by 1999 and was identifiable in seismic. The area of the plume was calculated to be 1 square kilometre in 1999 and 3.3 square kilometres in 2010. The upper layers continue to spread laterally, whereas the lower layers have stabilized in size. Temperature gradient and water salinity affected the size and shape of the plume.Significance\/Novelty: This study introduces a novel methodology that combines 4D seismic data with compositional reservoir simulation to integrate monitoring results to update simulation models.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4435637.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Multiscale Transfer Learning for Predictive Modeling of CO2 Storage Dynamics<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. Bhuiyan*, J. Cornelio, Z. Qin and B. Jafarpour\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(University of Southern California)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Effective monitoring and prediction of geologic CO2 storage require fine-scale spatiotemporal models that capture complex CO2\u2013brine interactions. High-fidelity physics-based simulations provide reliable insights for risk assessment and long-term monitoring but are computationally expensive, limiting their routine use in workflows such as optimization, data assimilation, and uncertainty quantification. This study introduces a multiscale transfer learning framework that leverages coarse-scale simulation knowledge to enhance fine-scale predictive models, addressing challenges such as limited training data, poor extrapolation, and maintaining physical consistency.Methods, Procedures, Process: A Recurrent U-Net LSTM model is first trained on coarse-scale simulation datasets spanning injection and post-injection phases to capture dominant temporal trends of CO2 plume migration and pressure evolution. The learned weights from this source model are then transferred and fine-tuned on a limited set of fine-scale simulation data, producing high-resolution predictions with improved accuracy and generalization. This multiscale strategy integrates coarse- and fine-scale information, reducing dependence on large fine-scale datasets while preserving key physical dynamics.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The multiscale transfer learning approach enables improved, long-term prediction of CO2 plume migration and pressure dynamics across diverse reservoir scenarios. By incorporating coarse-scale knowledge, the model demonstrates strong extrapolative capability and produces physically consistent outcomes, even under previously unseen geological conditions or alternative injection strategies. The framework significantly reduces computational costs while maintaining predictive fidelity, supporting real-time monitoring, data assimilation, and decision-making in large-scale CO2 storage projects.Significance\/Novelty: This study presents a data-efficient, multiscale framework for CO2 storage modeling, combining transfer learning with fine-scale simulation to achieve accurate long-term predictions with limited data. By leveraging coarse-scale simulations, the approach enables robust and scalable monitoring, offering a practical pathway for field-scale CCS operations and risk assessment.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Real-Time Prediction of CO2 Injection-Induced Microseismicity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Cao<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Griesemer<sup>1<\/sup>, P. Shokouhi<sup>2<\/sup>, Y. Liu<sup>1<\/sup> and P. Borate*<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Southern California; 2. The Pennsylvania State University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Injecting CO2 into deep underground reservoirs for permanent storage can inadvertently lead to fault reactivation, caprock fracturing and CO2 leakage compromising the safety, economic viability, and long-term reliability of geological CO2 storage (GCS). Accurate forecasting of seismic event occurrence, magnitudes and locations is essential for risk assessment, operational decision-making, and ensuring the sustainable development of GCS systems. Our research objective is to build physics-informed deep learning models to predict micro-earthquakes (MEQs) based on CO2 injection data, including the frequency and timing of seismicity, the maximum expected MEQ magnitudes as well as their spatial distribution, given injection scenarios. This effort utilizes the coupled injection and microseismicity data from Decatur (Illinois, USA).Methods, Procedures, Process: We have developed several deep learning-based prediction models to forecast induced seismicity during CO2 injection and quantify associated prediction uncertainty. These include a fully connected MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) model as a baseline, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model as well as a time series foundation model. We are working to integrate domain knowledge - physical laws relating the injection volume and seismicity magnitude and rate - into the deep learning work to reduce prediction uncertainty and enhance model generalizability, including the transferability across geologically different sites.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Our results to date demonstrate the efficacy of deep learning in predicting CO2 injection-induced seismic characteristics. Our models successfully capture the overall trend of future seismic rate. We are currently working to improve the model performance as well as the time resolution of the predictions.Significance\/Novelty: By offering accurate forecasts and quantifiable uncertainty of MEQ occurrence, rate and magnitude, this research will deliver actionable insights for operators, enabling informed risk mitigation strategies and operational adjustments in real-time. Ultimately this approach will support the safer and more efficient management of GCS systems.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-item card h-100\" data-session-type=\"Oral\" style=\"border-top: 4px solid #f093fb;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-header border-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-info pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"scholarone-session-title h6 mb-2 fw-bold\">Theme 7: Subsurface Simulation for Managing CO\u2082 Flow, Pressure, and Transient Injection Dynamics<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"session-item-location mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"lucide lucide-map-pin-icon lucide-map-pin\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaterway 5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-time small mb-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <strong>Time:<\/strong> -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:35 PM &#8211; 3:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-session-host small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSession Chairs:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSahar Bakhshian, Jose Torres-Rivero\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Abstracts within this session -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstracts-list pt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Advancing Two-Phase Flow Modeling of Spontaneous Imbibition: Generalized Fractional Flow Theory and Non-Boltzmann Scaling<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. Ghanbarian*<sup>1<\/sup>, S. Senevirathna<sup>2<\/sup>, A. Zemlyanova<sup>3<\/sup>, S. Kelly<sup>4<\/sup>, Q. Hu<sup>5<\/sup> and Y. Zhang<sup>6<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. University of Texas at Arlington; 2. Oklahoma State University; 3. Kansas State University; 4. Columbia University; 5. China University of Petroleum; 6. University of Alabama)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: Modeling and scaling countercurrent spontaneous imbibition (SI) have remained challenging despite their central importance in subsurface processes, including fluid storage, recovery, and carbon sequestration. Existing SI models often lack generality, being restricted to specific rock types or parameter ranges. This study aims to overcome such limitations by introducing a generalized fractional flow theory (GFFT) based on time-fractal derivatives and a non-Boltzmann transformation. Our objectives are to develop a broadly applicable framework for SI, establish a robust scaling law that collapses diverse data onto a universal curve, and investigate the dependence of the scaling exponent on fluid\u2013rock properties.Methods, Procedures, Process: We formulate the GFFT by incorporating fractal derivatives into fractional flow theory and proposing a governing fractional partial differential equation. The approach is validated against more than 30 datasets, including experimental and simulated SI results from sandstones, diatomite, carbonates, and synthetic porous media with varying porosities, initial water contents, and viscosities. Scaled data are analyzed using both traditional Boltzmann and non-Boltzmann transformations, and the resulting imbibition exponents are compared. We also evaluate the influence of key flow properties, such as capillary pressure and relative permeability, on scaling SI.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The GFFT produces improved collapse of SI data compared to Boltzmann scaling, with imbibition exponents (\u03b1\/2) ranging from 0.44 to 0.77 rather than the fixed 0.5 implied by Boltzmann scaling. The scaling exponent \u03b1 is found to vary systematically with fluid\u2013rock properties, most notably contact angle, viscosity ratio, and fracture aperture size. The SI curves at multiple contact angles collapse onto a single curve when fitted with GFFT, confirming the framework flexibility. Furthermore, the results reveal that accurate capillary pressure and relative permeability data are essential for minimizing errors in model outputs. These findings highlight the complex nature of fluid migration in heterogeneous porous and fractured systems.Significance\/Novelty: This study introduces a generalized fractional flow framework that captures non-Boltzmann scaling behavior in two-phase flow and spontaneous imbibition across a wide range of geological media. By directly linking the scaling exponent \u03b1 to measurable fluid and rock properties, GFFT provides an adaptable alternative to traditional models.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:00 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Multiscale Analysis of Silica Nanoparticle Injection to Improve Long-Term CO2 Injectivity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB. Sevindik*<sup>1<\/sup>, H. Kitagawa<sup>2<\/sup>, R. Okuno<sup>1<\/sup>, M. Shahriar<sup>1<\/sup> and A. Khanal<sup>3<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. The University of Texas at Austin; 2. Nissan Chemical Corporation; 3. University of Tulsa)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: This study explores how wettability alteration impacts field-scale geologic CO2 storage by injecting SiO2 nanoparticles that modify the rock wettability in a near-well region to a strongly water-wet state. The objectives included experimentally measuring nanoparticle adsorption on quartz sands and changes in relative permeability during CO2\/water two-phase flow, as well as applying laboratory results to study CO2 injectivity and plume migration in field-scale numerical simulations.Methods, Procedures, Process: Experiments used sandpacks made of Accusil quartz and compared untreated systems with nanoparticle-treated ones. A 0.005-wt.% SiO2 nanoparticle was injected for one pore volume, followed by five pore volumes of chase brine. Drainage and imbibition experiments were performed using Soltrol 220 and glycerol\/brine analog fluids, resulting in distinct relative permeabilities that confirmed wettability alteration. The history-matched experimental results were then integrated into the Sleipner geological model using a new mapping method for relative permeability, which simulated 10 years of CO2 injection followed by 50 years of shut-in. Injection scenarios were modeled to identify the best nanoparticle injection strategy for CO2 storage efficiency.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Nanoparticle adsorption of 17.44 mg-NP\/100 g-rock altered the sand-pack wettability, as confirmed by the shift in Soltrol-phase endpoint relative permeability from 0.57 to 0.89 and by the history-matched relative permeability curves. Applying these experimentally derived parameters to the Sleipner model by mapping the relative permeability changes to the site\u2019s original relative permeability data revealed that 1 tonne of nanoparticles was the minimum effective injection, producing an impacted diameter of 4 m from the well, while higher amounts expanded the impacted diameter to 16 m. Pressure distributions showed reduced bottom-hole pressures and smaller pressure gradients away from the injection well due to increased CO2-phase permeability. Injectivity improved by 40\u201351 %, depending on the nanoparticle adsorption threshold, with negligible changes in trapping ratios.Significance\/Novelty: This work presents the first quantitative study of field-scale CO2 injectivity enhancement based on laboratory experiments. Long-term improvements in CO2 injectivity significantly lower CO2 storage costs. The expense of nanoparticle well treatment is a small fraction of the savings gained from increased injectivity.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4443516.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:20 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Divide and Conquer using Predictive Monitoring to Reduce CCS Flow Model Uncertainties and Ensure Containment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK. Gestin*<sup>1<\/sup>, \u00c9. Morgan<sup>1<\/sup>, H. Al Khatib<sup>1<\/sup> and V. Pathak<sup>2<\/sup>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(1. SpotLight Earth; 2. CMG)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: CCS projects seeking Class VI permit validation must build subsurface flow models to define the Area of Review (AOR), estimate CO2 storage capacity, injection rates, and monitoring plans. To address uncertainty, some operators use stochastic modeling, generating many scenarios but typically submitting only a few (P10, P50, P90), discarding others based on probability. This paper presents a strategy that integrates all model realizations into the monitoring design using agile, non-invasive spot seismic and predictive monitoring to reduce uncertainty and enhance confidence throughout the project lifecycle.Methods, Procedures, Process: The strategy follows four steps: - Predictive Monitoring: Automated comparisons between model pairs identify \u201cdistinction spots\u201d: subsurface points with differing CO2 plume identifiers: saturation, pressure, or mass, using petroelastic modeling to define detectability. - Identity Cards: Each model demonstrates a specific detection signature across distinction spots. Models with identical responses are grouped and re-evaluated over time until uniquely characterized using a divide and conquer-like method. - Monitoring Design: Distinction spots guide targeted field monitoring, focusing on areas with high divergence and detectability. The algorithm limits the number of spots per timestep to reflect economic and environmental constraints of spot seismic acquisition. - Iterative Updates: As new seismic data arrives, models and monitoring plans are refined in real time.Results, Observations, Conclusions: Hundreds of realizations are simulated pre-injection to identify high-value monitoring locations. These models capture the range of subsurface uncertainty in CO2 injection projects. Targeted seismic surveys at predicted anomalies confirm or eliminate entire model clusters. As data accumulates, the strategy adapts, narrowing uncertainty and improving plume migration forecasts. This dynamic loop ensures monitoring remains aligned with subsurface evolution and builds stakeholder trust through frequent detection.Significance\/Novelty: This divide-and-conquer approach allows operators to transparently acknowledge and reduce subsurface uncertainty. Rather than masking variability, it embraces it, designing monitoring plans that are scientifically grounded and regulator-ready. The strategy acts as an \u201calarm system,\u201d triggering additional measurements (e.g., VSP, 2D\/3D seismic) when detection mismatches suggest all models may be wrong.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-expanded-abstract small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-scholarone-program\/assets\/files\/4442611.pdf\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-secondary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpanded Abstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ti ti-file-type-pdf sm\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-item mb-2 session-items\" data-session-type=\"Oral\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-item mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-start-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2:40 PM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"abstract-title\">Early-Time Fracture Risk Prediction in Saline Aquifer with Machine Learning Driven Digital Twins<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"abstract-authors\" data-content=\"4503373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. O. Badejo*, L. Sekar and R. Okoroafor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text-gray-500\">(Texas A&amp;M University)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex gap-2 mt-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-abstract-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"scholarone-toggle-btn btn btn-sm btn-primary\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"popover\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-trigger=\"hover focus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-placement=\"auto\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-html=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-content=\"Objectives and Scope: The success of large-scale CO2 storage in saline aquifers depends not only on maintaining injectivity but also on preserving the integrity of the seal. However, thermal stresses and geochemical reactions between injected CO2, brine, and rock can progressively weaken the formation, reducing tensile strength even when injection pressures remain below the nominal fracture gradient. Most existing monitoring tools only detect fractures after they occur-making them reactive rather than preventive. Meanwhile, high-fidelity geomechanical simulations, though accurate, are too computationally intensive for real-time use or integration into a digital twin environment. This study addresses that gap by developing a machine learning (ML)-driven digital twin that predicts early-time fracture risk using surface and near-wellbore signals. The goal is to shift from reactive detection to proactive fracture prevention through fast, adaptive prediction.Methods, Procedures, Process: A three-dimensional numerical model was used to simulate CO2 injection in a representative saline aquifer under varying conditions, including pressure. The dataset generated, which includes pressure buildup, fracture height, length, width, and stress changes, was used to train a ML algorithm to identify early fracture precursors. The resulting ML-assisted digital twin continuously assimilates surface monitoring data and updates its predictions of pressure and fracture potential during injection.Results, Observations, Conclusions: The digital twin successfully identified fracture onset several minutes before mechanical failure, maintaining prediction errors below 10%. The framework proposes dynamic adjustments to injection rate and pressure that prevent crossing the critical stress threshold. Compared to full-physics numerical simulations, this hybrid approach achieved two orders of magnitude faster runtime with comparable predictive accuracy, making it suitable for real-time operational decision-making.Significance\/Novelty: This work introduces a predictive, data-driven fracture monitoring system that bridges the gap between detailed physics and real-time operations. Unlike conventional monitoring or simplified proxies, the ML-based digital twin quantifies evolving mechanical risk during early injection, incorporating the weakening effects of temperature and chemistry. It provides a scalable, adaptive tool for operators to anticipate and mitigate seal failure, which transforms CO2 injection management from reactive control to predictive prevention.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"View abstract\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"scholarone-toggle-text\">View Abstract<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-program-items -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .scholarone-time-group -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<!-- Loading indicator -->\n\t<div class=\"scholarone-loading text-center py-5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"scholarone-spinner spinner-border text-primary\" role=\"status\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"visually-hidden\">Loading&#8230;<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"mt-3\">Loading&#8230;<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<!-- No results message -->\n\t<div class=\"scholarone-no-results alert alert-warning text-center mt-3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t<p class=\"mb-0\">No results found. Try adjusting your search or filters.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1530","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1530"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1530\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1936,"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1530\/revisions\/1936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccusevent.org\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}